Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils
During high-temperature refining of vegetable oils, 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) esters, possible carcinogens, are formed from acylglycerol in the presence of a chlorine source. To investigate organochlorine compounds in vegetable oils as possible precursors for 3-MCPD esters, we tested crude pa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Chemical Society
2018
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75066/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75066/1/Natural%20organochlorines%20as%20precursors%20of%203-monochloropropanediol%20esters%20in%20vegetable%20oils.pdf |
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| author | Tiong, Soon Huat Saparin, Norliza Teh, Huey Fang Lee, Theresa Mei Ng Md. Zain, Mohd Zairey Bee, Keat Neoh Md Noor, Ahmadilfitri Tan, Chin Ping Lai, Oi Ming Appleton, David Ross |
| author_facet | Tiong, Soon Huat Saparin, Norliza Teh, Huey Fang Lee, Theresa Mei Ng Md. Zain, Mohd Zairey Bee, Keat Neoh Md Noor, Ahmadilfitri Tan, Chin Ping Lai, Oi Ming Appleton, David Ross |
| author_sort | Tiong, Soon Huat |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | During high-temperature refining of vegetable oils, 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) esters, possible carcinogens, are formed from acylglycerol in the presence of a chlorine source. To investigate organochlorine compounds in vegetable oils as possible precursors for 3-MCPD esters, we tested crude palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, corn, coconut, and olive oils for the presence of organochlorine compounds. Having found them in all vegetable oils tested, we focused subsequent study on oil palm products. Analysis of the chlorine isotope mass pattern exhibited in high-resolution mass spectrometry enabled organochlorine compound identification in crude palm oils as constituents of wax esters, fatty acid, diacylglycerols, and sphingolipids, which are produced endogenously in oil palm mesocarp throughout ripening. Analysis of thermal decomposition and changes during refining suggested that these naturally present organochlorine compounds in palm oils and perhaps in other vegetable oils are precursors of 3-MCPD esters. Enrichment and dose-response showed a linear relationship to 3-MCPD ester formation and indicated that the sphingolipid-based organochlorine compounds are the most active precursors of 3-MCPD esters. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:00:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-75066 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T12:00:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | American Chemical Society |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-750662019-11-28T05:16:41Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75066/ Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils Tiong, Soon Huat Saparin, Norliza Teh, Huey Fang Lee, Theresa Mei Ng Md. Zain, Mohd Zairey Bee, Keat Neoh Md Noor, Ahmadilfitri Tan, Chin Ping Lai, Oi Ming Appleton, David Ross During high-temperature refining of vegetable oils, 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) esters, possible carcinogens, are formed from acylglycerol in the presence of a chlorine source. To investigate organochlorine compounds in vegetable oils as possible precursors for 3-MCPD esters, we tested crude palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, corn, coconut, and olive oils for the presence of organochlorine compounds. Having found them in all vegetable oils tested, we focused subsequent study on oil palm products. Analysis of the chlorine isotope mass pattern exhibited in high-resolution mass spectrometry enabled organochlorine compound identification in crude palm oils as constituents of wax esters, fatty acid, diacylglycerols, and sphingolipids, which are produced endogenously in oil palm mesocarp throughout ripening. Analysis of thermal decomposition and changes during refining suggested that these naturally present organochlorine compounds in palm oils and perhaps in other vegetable oils are precursors of 3-MCPD esters. Enrichment and dose-response showed a linear relationship to 3-MCPD ester formation and indicated that the sphingolipid-based organochlorine compounds are the most active precursors of 3-MCPD esters. American Chemical Society 2018 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75066/1/Natural%20organochlorines%20as%20precursors%20of%203-monochloropropanediol%20esters%20in%20vegetable%20oils.pdf Tiong, Soon Huat and Saparin, Norliza and Teh, Huey Fang and Lee, Theresa Mei Ng and Md. Zain, Mohd Zairey and Bee, Keat Neoh and Md Noor, Ahmadilfitri and Tan, Chin Ping and Lai, Oi Ming and Appleton, David Ross (2018) Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66 (4). 999 - 1007. ISSN 0021-8561; ESSN: 1520-5118 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04995 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04995 |
| spellingShingle | Tiong, Soon Huat Saparin, Norliza Teh, Huey Fang Lee, Theresa Mei Ng Md. Zain, Mohd Zairey Bee, Keat Neoh Md Noor, Ahmadilfitri Tan, Chin Ping Lai, Oi Ming Appleton, David Ross Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils |
| title | Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils |
| title_full | Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils |
| title_fullStr | Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils |
| title_short | Natural Organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils |
| title_sort | natural organochlorines as precursors of 3-monochloropropanediol esters in vegetable oils |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75066/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75066/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75066/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75066/1/Natural%20organochlorines%20as%20precursors%20of%203-monochloropropanediol%20esters%20in%20vegetable%20oils.pdf |