Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size.
The optimum operating conditions for the extraction of cocoa butter from cocoa liquor using supercritical carbon dioxide and the effect of sample particle size on cocoa butter extraction under optimized operating conditions were investigated. The optimization was conducted at 10–45 MPa and 35–75C, w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Wiley Interscience
2008
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7390/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7390/1/Extraction%20of%20cocoa%20butter%20by%20supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848840581485166592 |
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| author | Tan, Teng Ju Selamat, Jinap Kusnadi, Asep Edi Sheikh Abdul Hamid, Nazimah |
| author_facet | Tan, Teng Ju Selamat, Jinap Kusnadi, Asep Edi Sheikh Abdul Hamid, Nazimah |
| author_sort | Tan, Teng Ju |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The optimum operating conditions for the extraction of cocoa butter from cocoa liquor using supercritical carbon dioxide and the effect of sample particle size on cocoa butter extraction under optimized operating conditions were investigated. The optimization was conducted at 10–45 MPa and 35–75C, with extraction times of 1–12 h by response surface methodology. The effect of particle size was studied using cocoa liquor, ground cocoa nibs and crushed cocoa nibs with particle sizes of approximately 74 µm, 0.85–1 mm and 4–6 mm, respectively. The yield was analyzed for total fat content by gravimetric method and triacylglycerol (TAG) profile by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed higher yield of cocoa butter with higher values of pressure, temperature and extraction time. The optimum conditions for cocoa butter extraction were 45 MPa, 75C and 12 h. The smaller particle size produced a higher yield of cocoa butter. 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (POP), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl-glycerol (POS) and 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (SOS) were the major TAGs present in the extracted cocoa butter, with POS being the highest (>30%) for all treatments studied. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T07:29:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-7390 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T07:29:37Z |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publisher | Wiley Interscience |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-73902016-01-20T06:58:51Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7390/ Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. Tan, Teng Ju Selamat, Jinap Kusnadi, Asep Edi Sheikh Abdul Hamid, Nazimah The optimum operating conditions for the extraction of cocoa butter from cocoa liquor using supercritical carbon dioxide and the effect of sample particle size on cocoa butter extraction under optimized operating conditions were investigated. The optimization was conducted at 10–45 MPa and 35–75C, with extraction times of 1–12 h by response surface methodology. The effect of particle size was studied using cocoa liquor, ground cocoa nibs and crushed cocoa nibs with particle sizes of approximately 74 µm, 0.85–1 mm and 4–6 mm, respectively. The yield was analyzed for total fat content by gravimetric method and triacylglycerol (TAG) profile by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed higher yield of cocoa butter with higher values of pressure, temperature and extraction time. The optimum conditions for cocoa butter extraction were 45 MPa, 75C and 12 h. The smaller particle size produced a higher yield of cocoa butter. 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (POP), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl-glycerol (POS) and 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (SOS) were the major TAGs present in the extracted cocoa butter, with POS being the highest (>30%) for all treatments studied. Wiley Interscience 2008 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7390/1/Extraction%20of%20cocoa%20butter%20by%20supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide.pdf Tan, Teng Ju and Selamat, Jinap and Kusnadi, Asep Edi and Sheikh Abdul Hamid, Nazimah (2008) Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. Journal of Food Lipids, 15 (2). pp. 263-276. ISSN 1745-4522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2008.00119.x 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2008.00119.x English |
| spellingShingle | Tan, Teng Ju Selamat, Jinap Kusnadi, Asep Edi Sheikh Abdul Hamid, Nazimah Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. |
| title | Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. |
| title_full | Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. |
| title_fullStr | Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. |
| title_short | Extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. |
| title_sort | extraction of cocoa butter by supercritical carbon dioxide: optimization of operating conditions and effect of particle size. |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7390/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7390/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7390/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7390/1/Extraction%20of%20cocoa%20butter%20by%20supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide.pdf |