Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic and some have been reported to be present in cocoa. Therefore, PAHs determination in cocoa is very important. In this study, a simple procedures based on maceration extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), saponification and high-performance...
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
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2016
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66186/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66186/1/Effect%20of%20sample%20treatment%20methods%20for%20PAH4%20determination%20in%20cocoa.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848855496116666368 |
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| author | Agus, Baizura Aya Putri Hussain, Norhayati |
| author_facet | Agus, Baizura Aya Putri Hussain, Norhayati |
| author_sort | Agus, Baizura Aya Putri |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic and some have been reported to be present in cocoa. Therefore, PAHs determination in cocoa is very important. In this study, a simple procedures based on maceration extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), saponification and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) were presented for rapid PAH4 (sum of four different PAHs; benzo (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, and benzo (a) pyrene) determination in cocoa samples (cocoa bean, cocoa nib and cocoa shell). The effect of using different sample extractions (different type of solvents and extraction time) and purification methods (different SPE treatments) were investigated. The most satisfactory recoveries (59.83 – 116.99% at concentration levels; 1.00, 5.00 and 10.00 µ/kg) and clean extracts were obtained by extracting the cocoa samples (cocoa nib, cocoa shell and whole cocoa bean) with hexane for two hours and purification with SPE using silica cartridge (cyclohexane as elution solvent). In this study, detection limit was in the range of 3.36 – 13.90 ng/kg thus, the method meets the Commission Regulation (EU) No. 836/2011 and may be useful to be applied for assessment of cocoa beans quality. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:26:41Z |
| format | Conference or Workshop Item |
| id | upm-66186 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:26:41Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-661862019-02-12T06:46:39Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66186/ Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa Agus, Baizura Aya Putri Hussain, Norhayati Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic and some have been reported to be present in cocoa. Therefore, PAHs determination in cocoa is very important. In this study, a simple procedures based on maceration extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), saponification and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) were presented for rapid PAH4 (sum of four different PAHs; benzo (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, and benzo (a) pyrene) determination in cocoa samples (cocoa bean, cocoa nib and cocoa shell). The effect of using different sample extractions (different type of solvents and extraction time) and purification methods (different SPE treatments) were investigated. The most satisfactory recoveries (59.83 – 116.99% at concentration levels; 1.00, 5.00 and 10.00 µ/kg) and clean extracts were obtained by extracting the cocoa samples (cocoa nib, cocoa shell and whole cocoa bean) with hexane for two hours and purification with SPE using silica cartridge (cyclohexane as elution solvent). In this study, detection limit was in the range of 3.36 – 13.90 ng/kg thus, the method meets the Commission Regulation (EU) No. 836/2011 and may be useful to be applied for assessment of cocoa beans quality. 2016 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66186/1/Effect%20of%20sample%20treatment%20methods%20for%20PAH4%20determination%20in%20cocoa.pdf Agus, Baizura Aya Putri and Hussain, Norhayati (2016) Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa. In: Monash Science Symposium (MSS) 2016, 21-23 Nov. 2016, Monash University Malaysia. . |
| spellingShingle | Agus, Baizura Aya Putri Hussain, Norhayati Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa |
| title | Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa |
| title_full | Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa |
| title_fullStr | Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa |
| title_short | Effect of sample treatment methods for PAH4 determination in cocoa |
| title_sort | effect of sample treatment methods for pah4 determination in cocoa |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66186/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66186/1/Effect%20of%20sample%20treatment%20methods%20for%20PAH4%20determination%20in%20cocoa.pdf |