A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate
The volume of contaminated rivers in Malaysia continues to keep rising through the years. The cost of instrumental monitoring is uneconomical and prohibits schedule monitoring of contaminants particularly heavy metals. In this work, a rapid enzyme assay utilizing the molybdenum-reducing enzyme as an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hibiscus Publisher
2015
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64033/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64033/1/A%20rapid%20inhibitive%20enzyme%20assay%20for%20monitoring%20heavy%20metals%20pollution%20in%20the%20Juru%20industrial%20estate.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848854890937319424 |
|---|---|
| author | Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Gunasekaran, Baskaran Othman, Ahmad Razi Kamaruddin, Kamarulzaman Dahalan, Farrah Aini Ibrahim, Naimah Abd. Shukor, Mohd. Yunus |
| author_facet | Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Gunasekaran, Baskaran Othman, Ahmad Razi Kamaruddin, Kamarulzaman Dahalan, Farrah Aini Ibrahim, Naimah Abd. Shukor, Mohd. Yunus |
| author_sort | Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The volume of contaminated rivers in Malaysia continues to keep rising through the years. The cost of instrumental monitoring is uneconomical and prohibits schedule monitoring of contaminants particularly heavy metals. In this work, a rapid enzyme assay utilizing the molybdenum-reducing enzyme as an inhibitive assay, prepared in crude form from the molybdenum-reducing bacterium Serratia sp. strain DRY5 has been developed for monitoring the heavy metals mercury, silver, copper and chromium in contaminated waters in the Juru Industrial Estate. The crude enzyme extract transformed soluble molybdenum (phosphomolybdate) into a deep blue solution, which is inhibited by heavy metals such as mercury, silver, copper and chromium. The IC50 and Limits of Detection (LOD) values for mercury, copper, silver and cadmium were 0.245, 0.298, 0.367, 0.326, and 0.124, 0.086, 0.088 and 0.094 mg L-1, respectively. The assay is rapid, and can be carried out in less than 10 minutes. In addition, the assay can be carried out at ambient temperature. The IC50 values for these heavy metals are more sensitive than several established assays. Water samples from various locations in the month of November from the Juru Industrial Estate (Penang) were tested for the presence of heavy metals using the developed assay. Enzyme activity was nearly inhibited for water samples from several locations. The presence of heavy metals was confirmed instrumentally using Atomic Emission Spectrometry and a Flow Injection Mercury System. The assay is rapid and simple and can be used as a first screening method for large scale monitoring of heavy metals. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:17:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-64033 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:17:04Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Hibiscus Publisher |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-640332018-06-08T00:58:55Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64033/ A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Gunasekaran, Baskaran Othman, Ahmad Razi Kamaruddin, Kamarulzaman Dahalan, Farrah Aini Ibrahim, Naimah Abd. Shukor, Mohd. Yunus The volume of contaminated rivers in Malaysia continues to keep rising through the years. The cost of instrumental monitoring is uneconomical and prohibits schedule monitoring of contaminants particularly heavy metals. In this work, a rapid enzyme assay utilizing the molybdenum-reducing enzyme as an inhibitive assay, prepared in crude form from the molybdenum-reducing bacterium Serratia sp. strain DRY5 has been developed for monitoring the heavy metals mercury, silver, copper and chromium in contaminated waters in the Juru Industrial Estate. The crude enzyme extract transformed soluble molybdenum (phosphomolybdate) into a deep blue solution, which is inhibited by heavy metals such as mercury, silver, copper and chromium. The IC50 and Limits of Detection (LOD) values for mercury, copper, silver and cadmium were 0.245, 0.298, 0.367, 0.326, and 0.124, 0.086, 0.088 and 0.094 mg L-1, respectively. The assay is rapid, and can be carried out in less than 10 minutes. In addition, the assay can be carried out at ambient temperature. The IC50 values for these heavy metals are more sensitive than several established assays. Water samples from various locations in the month of November from the Juru Industrial Estate (Penang) were tested for the presence of heavy metals using the developed assay. Enzyme activity was nearly inhibited for water samples from several locations. The presence of heavy metals was confirmed instrumentally using Atomic Emission Spectrometry and a Flow Injection Mercury System. The assay is rapid and simple and can be used as a first screening method for large scale monitoring of heavy metals. Hibiscus Publisher 2015 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64033/1/A%20rapid%20inhibitive%20enzyme%20assay%20for%20monitoring%20heavy%20metals%20pollution%20in%20the%20Juru%20industrial%20estate.pdf Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi and Gunasekaran, Baskaran and Othman, Ahmad Razi and Kamaruddin, Kamarulzaman and Dahalan, Farrah Aini and Ibrahim, Naimah and Abd. Shukor, Mohd. Yunus (2015) A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate. Bioremediation Science and Technology Research, 3 (2). pp. 7-12. ISSN 2289-5892 https://journal.hibiscuspublisher.com/index.php/BSTR/article/view/290 |
| spellingShingle | Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Gunasekaran, Baskaran Othman, Ahmad Razi Kamaruddin, Kamarulzaman Dahalan, Farrah Aini Ibrahim, Naimah Abd. Shukor, Mohd. Yunus A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate |
| title | A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate |
| title_full | A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate |
| title_fullStr | A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate |
| title_full_unstemmed | A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate |
| title_short | A rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the Juru industrial estate |
| title_sort | rapid inhibitive enzyme assay for monitoring heavy metals pollution in the juru industrial estate |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64033/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64033/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/64033/1/A%20rapid%20inhibitive%20enzyme%20assay%20for%20monitoring%20heavy%20metals%20pollution%20in%20the%20Juru%20industrial%20estate.pdf |