Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations
Sunburn, premature skin aging, skin cancers and suppression of the immune system are linked to exposure of the skin to UV light. In recent years, plant extracts are becoming a popular active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum...
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Elsevier
2017
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63668/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63668/1/Utilization%20of%20the%20ethyl%20acetate%20fraction%20of%20Zanthoxylum%20rhetsa%20bark%20extract%20as%20an%20active%20ingredient%20in%20natural%20sunscreen%20formulations.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848854842642006016 |
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| author | Santhanam, Ramesh Kumar Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Ahmad, Syahida Abas, Faridah Ismail, Intan Safinar Rukayadi, Yaya Shaari, Khozirah |
| author_facet | Santhanam, Ramesh Kumar Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Ahmad, Syahida Abas, Faridah Ismail, Intan Safinar Rukayadi, Yaya Shaari, Khozirah |
| author_sort | Santhanam, Ramesh Kumar |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Sunburn, premature skin aging, skin cancers and suppression of the immune system are linked to exposure of the skin to UV light. In recent years, plant extracts are becoming a popular active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark (commonly called as Indian prickly Ash) was used as an active ingredient in two sunscreen cream formulations (F1 and F2). Primarily, the constituents present in the active fraction were identified using LC–MS/MS analysis. Coumaric acid, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its isomers, hesperitin, trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid and columbamine were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction of Z. rhetsa bark extract. The UV protection properties of the formulated creams were evaluated by assessment of parameters such as their SPF values (F1: 3.60 ± 0.28, F2: 6.90 ± 0.57), UVA effectiveness (moderate for both test formulations) and critical wavelengths (F1: 365.4, F2: 360.3). Moreover, the physicochemical and microbial count of the formulated creams was also assessed based on various parameters such as colour, pH, centrifugation, viscosity and microbial load over a storage period of 28 days. Both formulations showed pseudo plastic behaviour and were stable at all conditions except for samples kept at 40 °C. Altogether, these results suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction of Z. rhetsa bark has great potential to reduce exposure to harmful UVA/UVB radiations and may be utilized as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulation. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:16:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-63668 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:16:18Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
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| spelling | upm-636682018-11-30T03:17:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63668/ Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations Santhanam, Ramesh Kumar Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Ahmad, Syahida Abas, Faridah Ismail, Intan Safinar Rukayadi, Yaya Shaari, Khozirah Sunburn, premature skin aging, skin cancers and suppression of the immune system are linked to exposure of the skin to UV light. In recent years, plant extracts are becoming a popular active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark (commonly called as Indian prickly Ash) was used as an active ingredient in two sunscreen cream formulations (F1 and F2). Primarily, the constituents present in the active fraction were identified using LC–MS/MS analysis. Coumaric acid, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its isomers, hesperitin, trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid and columbamine were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction of Z. rhetsa bark extract. The UV protection properties of the formulated creams were evaluated by assessment of parameters such as their SPF values (F1: 3.60 ± 0.28, F2: 6.90 ± 0.57), UVA effectiveness (moderate for both test formulations) and critical wavelengths (F1: 365.4, F2: 360.3). Moreover, the physicochemical and microbial count of the formulated creams was also assessed based on various parameters such as colour, pH, centrifugation, viscosity and microbial load over a storage period of 28 days. Both formulations showed pseudo plastic behaviour and were stable at all conditions except for samples kept at 40 °C. Altogether, these results suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction of Z. rhetsa bark has great potential to reduce exposure to harmful UVA/UVB radiations and may be utilized as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulation. Elsevier 2017-02 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63668/1/Utilization%20of%20the%20ethyl%20acetate%20fraction%20of%20Zanthoxylum%20rhetsa%20bark%20extract%20as%20an%20active%20ingredient%20in%20natural%20sunscreen%20formulations.pdf Santhanam, Ramesh Kumar and Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab and Ahmad, Syahida and Abas, Faridah and Ismail, Intan Safinar and Rukayadi, Yaya and Shaari, Khozirah (2017) Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations. Industrial Crops and Products, 96. pp. 165-172. ISSN 0926-6690; ESSN: 1872-633X 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.058 |
| spellingShingle | Santhanam, Ramesh Kumar Akhtar, Muhammad Tayyab Ahmad, Syahida Abas, Faridah Ismail, Intan Safinar Rukayadi, Yaya Shaari, Khozirah Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations |
| title | Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations |
| title_full | Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations |
| title_short | Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations |
| title_sort | utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63668/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63668/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63668/1/Utilization%20of%20the%20ethyl%20acetate%20fraction%20of%20Zanthoxylum%20rhetsa%20bark%20extract%20as%20an%20active%20ingredient%20in%20natural%20sunscreen%20formulations.pdf |