Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment
This study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn) in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced from the co-processing with hazardous waste in comparison with OPC produced using natural raw materials. The results showed that the concentration of heavy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2018
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62018/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62018/1/Heavy%20metal%20exposure%20from%20co-processing%20of%20hazardous%20wastes%20for%20cement%20production%20and%20associated%20human%20risk%20assessment.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848854539507073024 |
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| author | Ab Halim, Norazlina Mohd Kusin, Faradiella Mohamed, Khairul Nizam |
| author_facet | Ab Halim, Norazlina Mohd Kusin, Faradiella Mohamed, Khairul Nizam |
| author_sort | Ab Halim, Norazlina |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn) in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced from the co-processing with hazardous waste in comparison with OPC produced using natural raw materials. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in cement produced from natural raw material was in the order of Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd. Zn and Cd were the highest and the lowest concentrations, respectively, in cements produced from the co-processing activity. The difference between heavy metals concentrations in OPC produced with and without co-processing was found to be statistically significant. The concentration of heavy metals in the cement produced is generally factory dependent. The human risk assessment associated with the heavy metals for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks has been evaluated. The calculated hazard index (HI) and total lifetime cancer risks (LCR) were lower than the acceptable threshold reference values, HI < 1 and LCR < 1 × 10−4, respectively. Thus, it is anticipated that there is no potential of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for both adult and children. However, the findings indicated that there is a need for regulatory monitoring. The exposure pathway for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks are both in the order of ingestion > dermal > inhalation. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:11:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-62018 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:11:29Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-620182019-03-18T02:51:19Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62018/ Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment Ab Halim, Norazlina Mohd Kusin, Faradiella Mohamed, Khairul Nizam This study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn) in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced from the co-processing with hazardous waste in comparison with OPC produced using natural raw materials. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in cement produced from natural raw material was in the order of Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd. Zn and Cd were the highest and the lowest concentrations, respectively, in cements produced from the co-processing activity. The difference between heavy metals concentrations in OPC produced with and without co-processing was found to be statistically significant. The concentration of heavy metals in the cement produced is generally factory dependent. The human risk assessment associated with the heavy metals for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks has been evaluated. The calculated hazard index (HI) and total lifetime cancer risks (LCR) were lower than the acceptable threshold reference values, HI < 1 and LCR < 1 × 10−4, respectively. Thus, it is anticipated that there is no potential of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for both adult and children. However, the findings indicated that there is a need for regulatory monitoring. The exposure pathway for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks are both in the order of ingestion > dermal > inhalation. Springer 2018-04 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62018/1/Heavy%20metal%20exposure%20from%20co-processing%20of%20hazardous%20wastes%20for%20cement%20production%20and%20associated%20human%20risk%20assessment.pdf Ab Halim, Norazlina and Mohd Kusin, Faradiella and Mohamed, Khairul Nizam (2018) Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 15 (4). pp. 733-742. ISSN 1735-1472; ESSN: 1735-2630 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13762-017-1431-y 10.1007/s13762-017-1431-y |
| spellingShingle | Ab Halim, Norazlina Mohd Kusin, Faradiella Mohamed, Khairul Nizam Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment |
| title | Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment |
| title_full | Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment |
| title_fullStr | Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment |
| title_short | Heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment |
| title_sort | heavy metal exposure from co-processing of hazardous wastes for cement production and associated human risk assessment |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62018/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62018/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62018/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/62018/1/Heavy%20metal%20exposure%20from%20co-processing%20of%20hazardous%20wastes%20for%20cement%20production%20and%20associated%20human%20risk%20assessment.pdf |