Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia
CONTEXT: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole pl...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis
2017
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/60886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/60886/1/Anti-inflammatory%2C%20anti-cholinergic%20and%20cytotoxic%20effects%20of%20Sida%20rhombifolia.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848854292282212352 |
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| author | Mah, Siau Hui Teh, Soek Sin Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian |
| author_facet | Mah, Siau Hui Teh, Soek Sin Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian |
| author_sort | Mah, Siau Hui |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | CONTEXT: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation.
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC50 values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC50 of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:07:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-60886 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:07:33Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-608862019-04-29T08:00:55Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/60886/ Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia Mah, Siau Hui Teh, Soek Sin Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian CONTEXT: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC50 values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC50 of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended. Taylor & Francis 2017 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/60886/1/Anti-inflammatory%2C%20anti-cholinergic%20and%20cytotoxic%20effects%20of%20Sida%20rhombifolia.pdf Mah, Siau Hui and Teh, Soek Sin and Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian (2017) Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55 (1). pp. 920-928. ISSN 1388-0209; ESSN: 1744-5116 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130616/pdf/iphb-55-1285322.pdf 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322 |
| spellingShingle | Mah, Siau Hui Teh, Soek Sin Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia |
| title | Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia |
| title_full | Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia |
| title_fullStr | Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia |
| title_short | Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia |
| title_sort | anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of sida rhombifolia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/60886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/60886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/60886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/60886/1/Anti-inflammatory%2C%20anti-cholinergic%20and%20cytotoxic%20effects%20of%20Sida%20rhombifolia.pdf |