Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students
The study aims to investigate the relationship between the weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students. In addition, this study also aims to identify the common pain areas reported among Iranian elementary school students as the result of carrying heavy back...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
2017
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/59243/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/59243/1/Weight_of_Backpacks_and_Musculoskeletal_Pain_among_Iranian_Elementary_School_Students.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848853870909849600 |
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| author | Soh, Kim Geok Ghiami, Zeinab Khallaghi, Karim Soh, Kim Lam |
| author_facet | Soh, Kim Geok Ghiami, Zeinab Khallaghi, Karim Soh, Kim Lam |
| author_sort | Soh, Kim Geok |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The study aims to investigate the relationship between the weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students. In addition, this study also aims to identify the common pain areas reported among Iranian elementary school students as the result of carrying heavy backpacks. The subjects of the study consisted of 1118 females and 5474 males’ students from elementary school at all different grades. They represented 36 schools which were selected based on stratified random sampling out of all elementary schools in Quchan, Iran. Students as well as their bags and backpacks were separately weighed using a calibrated weight scale. The mean weights of students and their bags and backpacks were also calculated for each grade. Musculoskeletal questionnaire was administered to 23% of female and 9% of male students through an interview procedure to find the difference between males and females musculoskeletal pain. The results showed that the male first and third-graders carried backpacks which were respectively 9.9% and 9.0% of their body weight. While the female first and third-graders’ backpacks and second-graders’ were reported to be heavier with the backpacks weight of 10.2% and 10.4% of their body weights, respectively. It was concluded that elementary students considering their average weight, carry heavy bags to school (higher than the standard bag weight, i.e., 3-5% of body weight). In addition, the findings showed the existence of different musculoskeletal problems among female and male students. The commonest pain areas among males were neck (24.9%) and backbone (24.6%) and among females were knees (51.9%) and shoulders (34.5%). |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-59243 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T11:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Human Resource Management Academic Research Society |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-592432018-02-27T01:33:25Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/59243/ Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students Soh, Kim Geok Ghiami, Zeinab Khallaghi, Karim Soh, Kim Lam The study aims to investigate the relationship between the weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students. In addition, this study also aims to identify the common pain areas reported among Iranian elementary school students as the result of carrying heavy backpacks. The subjects of the study consisted of 1118 females and 5474 males’ students from elementary school at all different grades. They represented 36 schools which were selected based on stratified random sampling out of all elementary schools in Quchan, Iran. Students as well as their bags and backpacks were separately weighed using a calibrated weight scale. The mean weights of students and their bags and backpacks were also calculated for each grade. Musculoskeletal questionnaire was administered to 23% of female and 9% of male students through an interview procedure to find the difference between males and females musculoskeletal pain. The results showed that the male first and third-graders carried backpacks which were respectively 9.9% and 9.0% of their body weight. While the female first and third-graders’ backpacks and second-graders’ were reported to be heavier with the backpacks weight of 10.2% and 10.4% of their body weights, respectively. It was concluded that elementary students considering their average weight, carry heavy bags to school (higher than the standard bag weight, i.e., 3-5% of body weight). In addition, the findings showed the existence of different musculoskeletal problems among female and male students. The commonest pain areas among males were neck (24.9%) and backbone (24.6%) and among females were knees (51.9%) and shoulders (34.5%). Human Resource Management Academic Research Society 2017 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/59243/1/Weight_of_Backpacks_and_Musculoskeletal_Pain_among_Iranian_Elementary_School_Students.pdf Soh, Kim Geok and Ghiami, Zeinab and Khallaghi, Karim and Soh, Kim Lam (2017) Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7 (14). pp. 1012-1021. ISSN 2222-6990 http://hrmars.com/index.php/journals/archive_detail/IJARBSS/195 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i14/3757 |
| spellingShingle | Soh, Kim Geok Ghiami, Zeinab Khallaghi, Karim Soh, Kim Lam Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students |
| title | Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students |
| title_full | Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students |
| title_fullStr | Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students |
| title_full_unstemmed | Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students |
| title_short | Weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among Iranian elementary school students |
| title_sort | weight of backpacks and musculoskeletal pain among iranian elementary school students |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/59243/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/59243/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/59243/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/59243/1/Weight_of_Backpacks_and_Musculoskeletal_Pain_among_Iranian_Elementary_School_Students.pdf |