Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia
The garden city concept was adopted in the development of a new tropical city, Putrajaya, aimed at mitigating the effect of urban thermal modification associated with urbanisation, such as urban heat island (UHI). WRF/Noah/UCM coupled system was used to estimate the urban environment over the area a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2016
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56981/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56981/1/Effect%20of%20vegetation%20and%20waterbody%20on%20the%20garden%20city%20concept%20an%20evaluation%20study%20using%20a%20newly%20developed%20city%2C%20Putrajaya%2C%20Malaysia.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848853238359523328 |
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| author | Morris, Kenobi Isima Chan, Andy Ooi, Maggie C. Oozeer, Muhammad Y. Abakr, Yousif A. Morris, Kwami Justina Kenobi |
| author_facet | Morris, Kenobi Isima Chan, Andy Ooi, Maggie C. Oozeer, Muhammad Y. Abakr, Yousif A. Morris, Kwami Justina Kenobi |
| author_sort | Morris, Kenobi Isima |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The garden city concept was adopted in the development of a new tropical city, Putrajaya, aimed at mitigating the effect of urban thermal modification associated with urbanisation, such as urban heat island (UHI). WRF/Noah/UCM coupled system was used to estimate the urban environment over the area and the individual thermal contributions of natural land use classes (vegetation and waterbody). A control experiment including all land use types describing the urban conditions of Putrajaya city agreed well with the observations in the region. A series of experiments was then conducted, in which vegetation and waterbody were successively replaced with an urban land use type, providing the basis for an assessment of their respective effect on urban thermal mitigation. Surface energy components, 2-m air temperature (T2m) and mixing ratio (Q2m), relative humidity (RH) and UHI intensity (UHII) showed variations for each land use class. Overall, an increase in urban surfaces caused a corresponding increase in the thermal conditions of the city. Conversely, waterbody and vegetation induced a daily reduction of 0.14 and 0.39 °C of T2m, respectively. RH, UHI and T2m also showed variations with urban fractions. A thermal reduction effect of vegetation is visible during mornings and nights, while that of water is minimally shown during daytime. However, during nights and mornings, canopy layer thermal conditions above waterbody remain relatively high, with a rather undesirable effect on the surrounding microclimate, because of its high heat capacity and thermal inertia. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:50:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-56981 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:50:48Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-569812017-09-07T03:09:49Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56981/ Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia Morris, Kenobi Isima Chan, Andy Ooi, Maggie C. Oozeer, Muhammad Y. Abakr, Yousif A. Morris, Kwami Justina Kenobi The garden city concept was adopted in the development of a new tropical city, Putrajaya, aimed at mitigating the effect of urban thermal modification associated with urbanisation, such as urban heat island (UHI). WRF/Noah/UCM coupled system was used to estimate the urban environment over the area and the individual thermal contributions of natural land use classes (vegetation and waterbody). A control experiment including all land use types describing the urban conditions of Putrajaya city agreed well with the observations in the region. A series of experiments was then conducted, in which vegetation and waterbody were successively replaced with an urban land use type, providing the basis for an assessment of their respective effect on urban thermal mitigation. Surface energy components, 2-m air temperature (T2m) and mixing ratio (Q2m), relative humidity (RH) and UHI intensity (UHII) showed variations for each land use class. Overall, an increase in urban surfaces caused a corresponding increase in the thermal conditions of the city. Conversely, waterbody and vegetation induced a daily reduction of 0.14 and 0.39 °C of T2m, respectively. RH, UHI and T2m also showed variations with urban fractions. A thermal reduction effect of vegetation is visible during mornings and nights, while that of water is minimally shown during daytime. However, during nights and mornings, canopy layer thermal conditions above waterbody remain relatively high, with a rather undesirable effect on the surrounding microclimate, because of its high heat capacity and thermal inertia. Elsevier 2016 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56981/1/Effect%20of%20vegetation%20and%20waterbody%20on%20the%20garden%20city%20concept%20an%20evaluation%20study%20using%20a%20newly%20developed%20city%2C%20Putrajaya%2C%20Malaysia.pdf Morris, Kenobi Isima and Chan, Andy and Ooi, Maggie C. and Oozeer, Muhammad Y. and Abakr, Yousif A. and Morris, Kwami Justina Kenobi (2016) Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 58. pp. 39-51. ISSN 0198-9715; ESSN: 1873-7587 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971516300345#! 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.03.005 |
| spellingShingle | Morris, Kenobi Isima Chan, Andy Ooi, Maggie C. Oozeer, Muhammad Y. Abakr, Yousif A. Morris, Kwami Justina Kenobi Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia |
| title | Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia |
| title_full | Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia |
| title_short | Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia |
| title_sort | effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, putrajaya, malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56981/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56981/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56981/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56981/1/Effect%20of%20vegetation%20and%20waterbody%20on%20the%20garden%20city%20concept%20an%20evaluation%20study%20using%20a%20newly%20developed%20city%2C%20Putrajaya%2C%20Malaysia.pdf |