Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia
This is the first extensive report on linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as sewage molecular markers in surface sediments collected from the Perlis, Kedah, Merbok, Prai, and Perak Rivers and Estuaries in the west of Peninsular Malaysia. Sediment samples were extracted, fractionated, and analyzed using gas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Verlag
2016
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54210/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54210/1/Evaluation%20of%20distribution%20and%20sources%20of%20sewage%20molecular%20marker.pdf |
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| author | Magam, Sami M. Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Halimoon, Normala Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Kannan, Narayanan Masood, Najat Mustafa, Shuhaimi Alkhadher, Sadeq Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad Vaezzadeh, Vahab Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan Latif, Mohd Talib |
| author_facet | Magam, Sami M. Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Halimoon, Normala Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Kannan, Narayanan Masood, Najat Mustafa, Shuhaimi Alkhadher, Sadeq Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad Vaezzadeh, Vahab Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan Latif, Mohd Talib |
| author_sort | Magam, Sami M. |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This is the first extensive report on linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as sewage molecular markers in surface sediments collected from the Perlis, Kedah, Merbok, Prai, and Perak Rivers and Estuaries in the west of Peninsular Malaysia. Sediment samples were extracted, fractionated, and analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations of total LABs ranged from 68 to 154 (Perlis River), 103 to 314 (Kedah River), 242 to 1062 (Merbok River), 1985 to 2910 (Prai River), and 217 to 329 ng g−1 (Perak River) dry weight (dw). The highest levels of LABs were found at PI3 (Prai Estuary) due to the rapid industrialization and population growth in this region, while the lowest concentrations of LABs were found at PS1 (upstream of Perlis River). The LABs ratio of internal to external isomers (I/E) in this study ranged from 0.56 at KH1 (upstream of Kedah River) to 1.35 at MK3 (Merbok Estuary) indicating that the rivers receive raw sewage and primary treatment effluents in the study area. In general, the results of this paper highlighted the necessity of continuation of water treatment system improvement in Malaysia. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:38:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-54210 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:38:47Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer Verlag |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-542102018-03-06T08:11:09Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54210/ Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia Magam, Sami M. Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Halimoon, Normala Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Kannan, Narayanan Masood, Najat Mustafa, Shuhaimi Alkhadher, Sadeq Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad Vaezzadeh, Vahab Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan Latif, Mohd Talib This is the first extensive report on linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as sewage molecular markers in surface sediments collected from the Perlis, Kedah, Merbok, Prai, and Perak Rivers and Estuaries in the west of Peninsular Malaysia. Sediment samples were extracted, fractionated, and analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations of total LABs ranged from 68 to 154 (Perlis River), 103 to 314 (Kedah River), 242 to 1062 (Merbok River), 1985 to 2910 (Prai River), and 217 to 329 ng g−1 (Perak River) dry weight (dw). The highest levels of LABs were found at PI3 (Prai Estuary) due to the rapid industrialization and population growth in this region, while the lowest concentrations of LABs were found at PS1 (upstream of Perlis River). The LABs ratio of internal to external isomers (I/E) in this study ranged from 0.56 at KH1 (upstream of Kedah River) to 1.35 at MK3 (Merbok Estuary) indicating that the rivers receive raw sewage and primary treatment effluents in the study area. In general, the results of this paper highlighted the necessity of continuation of water treatment system improvement in Malaysia. Springer Verlag 2016-03 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54210/1/Evaluation%20of%20distribution%20and%20sources%20of%20sewage%20molecular%20marker.pdf Magam, Sami M. and Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi and Halimoon, Normala and Aris, Ahmad Zaharin and Kannan, Narayanan and Masood, Najat and Mustafa, Shuhaimi and Alkhadher, Sadeq and Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad and Vaezzadeh, Vahab and Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan and Latif, Mohd Talib (2016) Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23 (6). pp. 5693-5704. ISSN 0944-1344; ESSN: 1614-7499 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-015-5804-9 Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs); I/E ratio; Perlis River; Merbok River; Prai River; Malaysia 10.1007/s11356-015-5804-9 |
| spellingShingle | Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs); I/E ratio; Perlis River; Merbok River; Prai River; Malaysia Magam, Sami M. Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi Halimoon, Normala Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Kannan, Narayanan Masood, Najat Mustafa, Shuhaimi Alkhadher, Sadeq Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad Vaezzadeh, Vahab Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan Latif, Mohd Talib Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title | Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_full | Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_short | Evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (LABs) in selected rivers and estuaries of Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_sort | evaluation of distribution and sources of sewage molecular marker (labs) in selected rivers and estuaries of peninsular malaysia |
| topic | Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs); I/E ratio; Perlis River; Merbok River; Prai River; Malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54210/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54210/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54210/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54210/1/Evaluation%20of%20distribution%20and%20sources%20of%20sewage%20molecular%20marker.pdf |