Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia
The Bernam River is one of the most important rivers in Malaysia in that it provides water for industries and agriculture located along its banks. The present study was conducted to assess the level of contamination of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Cr, Sn, and Fe) in surface sediments in the Bernam River. N...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Verlag
2016
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54203/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54203/1/Evaluation%20and%20assessment%20of%20baseline%20metal%20contamination%20in%20surface%20sediments%20.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848852481085276160 |
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| author | Kadhum, Safaa A. Ishak, Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli, Syaizwan Zahmir |
| author_facet | Kadhum, Safaa A. Ishak, Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli, Syaizwan Zahmir |
| author_sort | Kadhum, Safaa A. |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The Bernam River is one of the most important rivers in Malaysia in that it provides water for industries and agriculture located along its banks. The present study was conducted to assess the level of contamination of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Cr, Sn, and Fe) in surface sediments in the Bernam River. Nine surface sediment samples were collected from the lower, middle, and upper courses of the river. The results indicated that the concentrations of the metals decreased in the order of Sn > Cr > Ni > Fe > Cd (56.35, 14.90, 5.3, 4.6, and 0.62 μg/g1 dry weight). Bernam River sediments have moderate to severe enrichment for Sn, moderate for Cd, and no enrichment for Cr, Ni, and Fe. The contamination factor (CF) results demonstrated that Cd and Sn are responsible for the high contamination. The pollution load index (PLI), for all the sampling sites, suggests that the sampling stations were generally unpolluted with the exception of the Bagan Tepi Sungai, Sabak Bernam, and Tanjom Malim stations. Multivariate techniques including Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to apportion the various sources of the metals. The results suggested that the sediment samples collected from the upper course of the river had lower metal concentrations, while sediments in the middle and lower courses of the river had higher metal concentrations. Therefore, our results can be useful as a baseline data for government bodies to adopt corrective measure on the issues related to heavy metal pollution in the Bernam River in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:38:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-54203 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:38:45Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer Verlag |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-542032018-03-06T07:49:39Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54203/ Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia Kadhum, Safaa A. Ishak, Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli, Syaizwan Zahmir The Bernam River is one of the most important rivers in Malaysia in that it provides water for industries and agriculture located along its banks. The present study was conducted to assess the level of contamination of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Cr, Sn, and Fe) in surface sediments in the Bernam River. Nine surface sediment samples were collected from the lower, middle, and upper courses of the river. The results indicated that the concentrations of the metals decreased in the order of Sn > Cr > Ni > Fe > Cd (56.35, 14.90, 5.3, 4.6, and 0.62 μg/g1 dry weight). Bernam River sediments have moderate to severe enrichment for Sn, moderate for Cd, and no enrichment for Cr, Ni, and Fe. The contamination factor (CF) results demonstrated that Cd and Sn are responsible for the high contamination. The pollution load index (PLI), for all the sampling sites, suggests that the sampling stations were generally unpolluted with the exception of the Bagan Tepi Sungai, Sabak Bernam, and Tanjom Malim stations. Multivariate techniques including Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to apportion the various sources of the metals. The results suggested that the sediment samples collected from the upper course of the river had lower metal concentrations, while sediments in the middle and lower courses of the river had higher metal concentrations. Therefore, our results can be useful as a baseline data for government bodies to adopt corrective measure on the issues related to heavy metal pollution in the Bernam River in the future. Springer Verlag 2016-04 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54203/1/Evaluation%20and%20assessment%20of%20baseline%20metal%20contamination%20in%20surface%20sediments%20.pdf Kadhum, Safaa A. and Ishak, Mohd Yusoff and Zulkifli, Syaizwan Zahmir (2016) Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23 (7). pp. 6312-6321. ISSN 0944-1344; ESSN: 1614-7499 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-015-5853-0 Heavy metals; Geoaccumulation index; Enrichment factor; Contamination factor; Cluster analysis; Sediment quality guideline; Bernam River 10.1007/s11356-015-5853-0 |
| spellingShingle | Heavy metals; Geoaccumulation index; Enrichment factor; Contamination factor; Cluster analysis; Sediment quality guideline; Bernam River Kadhum, Safaa A. Ishak, Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli, Syaizwan Zahmir Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia |
| title | Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia |
| title_full | Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia |
| title_short | Evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the Bernam River, Malaysia |
| title_sort | evaluation and assessment of baseline metal contamination in surface sediments from the bernam river, malaysia |
| topic | Heavy metals; Geoaccumulation index; Enrichment factor; Contamination factor; Cluster analysis; Sediment quality guideline; Bernam River |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54203/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54203/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54203/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54203/1/Evaluation%20and%20assessment%20of%20baseline%20metal%20contamination%20in%20surface%20sediments%20.pdf |