The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms
Background A major characteristic of Candida biofilm cells that differentiates them from free-floating cells is their high tolerance to antifungal drugs. This high resistance is attributed to particular biofilm properties, including the accumulation of extrapolymeric substances, morphogenetic switc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
2016
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53088/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53088/1/The%20role%20of%20Isocitrate%20Lyase%20%28ICL1%29%20in%20the%20metabolic%20adaptation%20of%20Candida%20albicans%20biofilms.pdf |
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| author | Ishola, Oluwaseun Ayodeji Seng, Yeat Ting Tabana, Yasser M. Ahmed, Mowaffaq Adam Yunus, Muhammad Amir Mohamed, Rafeezul Leslie, Thian Lung Than Sandai, Doblin |
| author_facet | Ishola, Oluwaseun Ayodeji Seng, Yeat Ting Tabana, Yasser M. Ahmed, Mowaffaq Adam Yunus, Muhammad Amir Mohamed, Rafeezul Leslie, Thian Lung Than Sandai, Doblin |
| author_sort | Ishola, Oluwaseun Ayodeji |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background
A major characteristic of Candida biofilm cells that differentiates them from free-floating cells is their high tolerance to antifungal drugs. This high resistance is attributed to particular biofilm properties, including the accumulation of extrapolymeric substances, morphogenetic switching, and metabolic flexibility.
Objectives
This study evaluated the roles of metabolic processes (in particular the glyoxylate cycle) on biofilm formation, antifungal drug resistance, morphology, and cell wall components.
Methods
Growth, adhesion, biofilm formation, and cell wall carbohydrate composition were quantified for isogenic Candida albicans ICL1/ICL1, ICL1/icl1, and icl1/icl1 strains. The morphology and topography of these strains were compared by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. FKS1 (glucan synthase), ERG11 (14-α-demethylase), and CDR2 (efflux pump) mRNA levels were quantified using qRT-PCR.
Results
The ICL1/icl1 and icl1/icl1 strains formed similar biofilms and exhibited analogous drug-tolerance levels to the control ICL1/ICL1 strains. Furthermore, the drug sequestration ability of β-1, 3-glucan, a major carbohydrate component of the extracellular matrix, was not impaired. However, the inactivation of ICL1 did impair morphogenesis. ICL1 deletion also had a considerable effect on the expression of the FKS1, ERG11, and CDR2 genes. FKS1 and ERG11 were upregulated in ICL1/icl1 and icl1/icl1 cells throughout the biofilm developmental stages, and CDR2 was upregulated at the early phase. However, their expression was downregulated compared to the control ICL1/ICL1 strain.
Conclusions
We conclude that the glyoxylate cycle is not a specific determinant of biofilm drug resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:34:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-53088 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:34:26Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-530882017-11-01T01:47:31Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53088/ The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms Ishola, Oluwaseun Ayodeji Seng, Yeat Ting Tabana, Yasser M. Ahmed, Mowaffaq Adam Yunus, Muhammad Amir Mohamed, Rafeezul Leslie, Thian Lung Than Sandai, Doblin Background A major characteristic of Candida biofilm cells that differentiates them from free-floating cells is their high tolerance to antifungal drugs. This high resistance is attributed to particular biofilm properties, including the accumulation of extrapolymeric substances, morphogenetic switching, and metabolic flexibility. Objectives This study evaluated the roles of metabolic processes (in particular the glyoxylate cycle) on biofilm formation, antifungal drug resistance, morphology, and cell wall components. Methods Growth, adhesion, biofilm formation, and cell wall carbohydrate composition were quantified for isogenic Candida albicans ICL1/ICL1, ICL1/icl1, and icl1/icl1 strains. The morphology and topography of these strains were compared by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. FKS1 (glucan synthase), ERG11 (14-α-demethylase), and CDR2 (efflux pump) mRNA levels were quantified using qRT-PCR. Results The ICL1/icl1 and icl1/icl1 strains formed similar biofilms and exhibited analogous drug-tolerance levels to the control ICL1/ICL1 strains. Furthermore, the drug sequestration ability of β-1, 3-glucan, a major carbohydrate component of the extracellular matrix, was not impaired. However, the inactivation of ICL1 did impair morphogenesis. ICL1 deletion also had a considerable effect on the expression of the FKS1, ERG11, and CDR2 genes. FKS1 and ERG11 were upregulated in ICL1/icl1 and icl1/icl1 cells throughout the biofilm developmental stages, and CDR2 was upregulated at the early phase. However, their expression was downregulated compared to the control ICL1/ICL1 strain. Conclusions We conclude that the glyoxylate cycle is not a specific determinant of biofilm drug resistance. Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences 2016-09 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53088/1/The%20role%20of%20Isocitrate%20Lyase%20%28ICL1%29%20in%20the%20metabolic%20adaptation%20of%20Candida%20albicans%20biofilms.pdf Ishola, Oluwaseun Ayodeji and Seng, Yeat Ting and Tabana, Yasser M. and Ahmed, Mowaffaq Adam and Yunus, Muhammad Amir and Mohamed, Rafeezul and Leslie, Thian Lung Than and Sandai, Doblin (2016) The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 9 (9). art. no. 38031. pp. 1-14. ISSN 2008-3645 http://jjm.ajums.ac.ir 10.5812/jjm.38031 |
| spellingShingle | Ishola, Oluwaseun Ayodeji Seng, Yeat Ting Tabana, Yasser M. Ahmed, Mowaffaq Adam Yunus, Muhammad Amir Mohamed, Rafeezul Leslie, Thian Lung Than Sandai, Doblin The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms |
| title | The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms |
| title_full | The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms |
| title_fullStr | The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms |
| title_short | The role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the metabolic adaptation of Candida albicans biofilms |
| title_sort | role of isocitrate lyase (icl1) in the metabolic adaptation of candida albicans biofilms |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53088/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53088/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53088/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53088/1/The%20role%20of%20Isocitrate%20Lyase%20%28ICL1%29%20in%20the%20metabolic%20adaptation%20of%20Candida%20albicans%20biofilms.pdf |