Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein and energy on goats fed oil palm fronds (OPF) as roughages. Twenty-four male Saanen goats aged between 7 and 8 months and weighing 23.4±1.6 kg were used in a 2×3 factorial design. Factors were three levels of urea (3%, 4% or 5%) and t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
2006
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50006/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50006/1/Utilization%20of%20steam-treated%20oil%20palm%20fronds%20in%20growing%20Saanen%20goats%20II.%20supplementation%20with%20energy%20and%20urea.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848851434022371328 |
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| author | Paengkoum, Pramote Liang, Juan Boo Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam Basery, M. |
| author_facet | Paengkoum, Pramote Liang, Juan Boo Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam Basery, M. |
| author_sort | Paengkoum, Pramote |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein and energy on goats fed oil palm fronds (OPF) as roughages. Twenty-four male Saanen goats aged between 7 and 8 months and weighing 23.4±1.6 kg were used in a 2×3 factorial design. Factors were three levels of urea (3%, 4% or 5%) and two levels of energy (low energy (LE) or high energy (HE)). On average, all parameters measured, including dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, digestible nutrient intakes, ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N), ruminal total volatile fatty acid (total VFA) and individual VFA concentrations (mM/L), microbial N supply, P/E ratio and N retention were higher for HE compared to LE diets. Significant (p<0.05) interactions were found between levels of urea and energy for non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and energy (DE) digestibilities, ruminal NH3-N and total VFA concentrations. HE diets had higher N absorption and retention than LE diets. Interactions between urea and energy for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), heat production (HP), and urine and faeces N excretion were significantly lower (p<0.05) for the HE diets than those recorded for the LE diets. The results indicated that supplementation of energy enhanced utilization of urea and resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance. However, the optimal level of urea supplementation remained at 3% in the HE diet. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:22:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-50006 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:22:07Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-500062016-12-30T05:51:32Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50006/ Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea Paengkoum, Pramote Liang, Juan Boo Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam Basery, M. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein and energy on goats fed oil palm fronds (OPF) as roughages. Twenty-four male Saanen goats aged between 7 and 8 months and weighing 23.4±1.6 kg were used in a 2×3 factorial design. Factors were three levels of urea (3%, 4% or 5%) and two levels of energy (low energy (LE) or high energy (HE)). On average, all parameters measured, including dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, digestible nutrient intakes, ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N), ruminal total volatile fatty acid (total VFA) and individual VFA concentrations (mM/L), microbial N supply, P/E ratio and N retention were higher for HE compared to LE diets. Significant (p<0.05) interactions were found between levels of urea and energy for non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and energy (DE) digestibilities, ruminal NH3-N and total VFA concentrations. HE diets had higher N absorption and retention than LE diets. Interactions between urea and energy for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), heat production (HP), and urine and faeces N excretion were significantly lower (p<0.05) for the HE diets than those recorded for the LE diets. The results indicated that supplementation of energy enhanced utilization of urea and resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance. However, the optimal level of urea supplementation remained at 3% in the HE diet. Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies 2006 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50006/1/Utilization%20of%20steam-treated%20oil%20palm%20fronds%20in%20growing%20Saanen%20goats%20II.%20supplementation%20with%20energy%20and%20urea.pdf Paengkoum, Pramote and Liang, Juan Boo and Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam and Basery, M. (2006) Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 19 (11). pp. 1623-1631. ISSN 1011-2367; ESSN: 1976-5517 http://www.ajas.info/journal/view.php?number=21447 10.5713/ajas.2006.1623 |
| spellingShingle | Paengkoum, Pramote Liang, Juan Boo Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam Basery, M. Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea |
| title | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea |
| title_full | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea |
| title_short | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing Saanen goats: II. supplementation with energy and urea |
| title_sort | utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing saanen goats: ii. supplementation with energy and urea |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50006/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50006/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50006/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50006/1/Utilization%20of%20steam-treated%20oil%20palm%20fronds%20in%20growing%20Saanen%20goats%20II.%20supplementation%20with%20energy%20and%20urea.pdf |