Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea
Five male dairy goats (Saanen), 4.6 month old with a body weight of 21.4 (SD±1.6) kg, were used to examine 5 dietary urea treatments in a 5×5 Latin Square experimental design. The five levels of urea were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g urea/kg DM of steam-treated oil palm fronds (OPF) and dry matter intake...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
2006
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50005/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50005/1/Utilization%20of%20steam-treated%20oil%20palm%20fronds%20in%20growing%20goats%201.%20supplementation%20with%20dietary%20urea.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848851433722478592 |
|---|---|
| author | Paengkoum, Pramote Liang, Juan Boo Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam Basery, M. |
| author_facet | Paengkoum, Pramote Liang, Juan Boo Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam Basery, M. |
| author_sort | Paengkoum, Pramote |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Five male dairy goats (Saanen), 4.6 month old with a body weight of 21.4 (SD±1.6) kg, were used to examine 5 dietary urea treatments in a 5×5 Latin Square experimental design. The five levels of urea were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g urea/kg DM of steam-treated oil palm fronds (OPF) and dry matter intake tended (p>0.05) to increase with increasing urea supplementation up to 30 g/kg OPF (77.7 g/kg BW 0.75), but decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g urea/kg OPF (67.4 and 63.7 g/kg BW 0.75, respectively) supplementation. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose digestibilities increased (p<0.05) with the addition of urea to 30 g/kg OPF but thereafter decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g/kg OPF. Ruminal pH, ruminal NH 3-N concentration and plasma urea concentration increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) as a consequence of addition of urea to the diet. Excretion of total purine derivatives (PD) by goats fed 30 g of urea/kg OPF was highest (p<0.05) followed by goats fed 20, 40, 10 and 50 g of urea/kg OPF. Microbial N (g N/day) and efficiency of microbial N supply expressed as g N/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen were higher (p<0.05) in goats fed 30 g of urea/kg OPF (5.5 g N/day and 22.0 g N/kg DOMR, respectively) than in goats on 10 and 50 g of urea/kg OPF treatments. However, the former did not differ from goats fed 20 g of urea/kg OPF (3.9 g N/day and 16.6 g N/kg DMOR, respectively). Ruminal VFA concentration, protein/energy ratio, N absorption and N retention increased (p<0.05) with the addition of urea to the diet up to 30 g/kg OPF but decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g/kg OPF. This implies that the optimal level of urea supplementation in an OPF based diet was about 30 g urea/kg OPF. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:22:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-50005 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:22:07Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-500052016-12-30T05:56:38Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50005/ Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea Paengkoum, Pramote Liang, Juan Boo Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam Basery, M. Five male dairy goats (Saanen), 4.6 month old with a body weight of 21.4 (SD±1.6) kg, were used to examine 5 dietary urea treatments in a 5×5 Latin Square experimental design. The five levels of urea were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g urea/kg DM of steam-treated oil palm fronds (OPF) and dry matter intake tended (p>0.05) to increase with increasing urea supplementation up to 30 g/kg OPF (77.7 g/kg BW 0.75), but decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g urea/kg OPF (67.4 and 63.7 g/kg BW 0.75, respectively) supplementation. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose digestibilities increased (p<0.05) with the addition of urea to 30 g/kg OPF but thereafter decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g/kg OPF. Ruminal pH, ruminal NH 3-N concentration and plasma urea concentration increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) as a consequence of addition of urea to the diet. Excretion of total purine derivatives (PD) by goats fed 30 g of urea/kg OPF was highest (p<0.05) followed by goats fed 20, 40, 10 and 50 g of urea/kg OPF. Microbial N (g N/day) and efficiency of microbial N supply expressed as g N/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen were higher (p<0.05) in goats fed 30 g of urea/kg OPF (5.5 g N/day and 22.0 g N/kg DOMR, respectively) than in goats on 10 and 50 g of urea/kg OPF treatments. However, the former did not differ from goats fed 20 g of urea/kg OPF (3.9 g N/day and 16.6 g N/kg DMOR, respectively). Ruminal VFA concentration, protein/energy ratio, N absorption and N retention increased (p<0.05) with the addition of urea to the diet up to 30 g/kg OPF but decreased (p<0.05) with 40 and 50 g/kg OPF. This implies that the optimal level of urea supplementation in an OPF based diet was about 30 g urea/kg OPF. Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies 2006 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50005/1/Utilization%20of%20steam-treated%20oil%20palm%20fronds%20in%20growing%20goats%201.%20supplementation%20with%20dietary%20urea.pdf Paengkoum, Pramote and Liang, Juan Boo and Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam and Basery, M. (2006) Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 19 (9). pp. 1305-1313. ISSN 1011-2367; ESSN: 1976-5517 http://www.ajas.info/journal/view.php?number=21398 10.5713/ajas.2006.1305 |
| spellingShingle | Paengkoum, Pramote Liang, Juan Boo Mohd Jelan, Zainal Aznam Basery, M. Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea |
| title | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea |
| title_full | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea |
| title_short | Utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea |
| title_sort | utilization of steam-treated oil palm fronds in growing goats: 1. supplementation with dietary urea |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50005/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50005/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50005/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/50005/1/Utilization%20of%20steam-treated%20oil%20palm%20fronds%20in%20growing%20goats%201.%20supplementation%20with%20dietary%20urea.pdf |