Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor
The experimental studies have shown that a pulsed loop reactor can be used to successfully reduce the reaction time for the transesterification of oils and fats. In the present study, the transesterification of palm methyl ester (PME) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) to produce palm oil based TMP ester...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2016
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47492/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47492/1/Synthesis%20of%20high%20oleic%20palm%20oil-based%20trimethylolpropane%20esters%20in%20a%20vacuum%20operated%20pulsed%20loop%20reactor.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848850827225071616 |
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| author | Abd Hamid, Hamidah Yunus, Robiah Rashid, Umer Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw Ali, Salmiaton Muhammad Syam, Azhari |
| author_facet | Abd Hamid, Hamidah Yunus, Robiah Rashid, Umer Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw Ali, Salmiaton Muhammad Syam, Azhari |
| author_sort | Abd Hamid, Hamidah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The experimental studies have shown that a pulsed loop reactor can be used to successfully reduce the reaction time for the transesterification of oils and fats. In the present study, the transesterification of palm methyl ester (PME) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) to produce palm oil based TMP ester was conducted using the vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor. The reaction was catalyzed with sodium methoxide solution in methanol. The influences of five operating variables such as vacuum pressure, catalyst loading, molar ratio of high oleic PME to TMP, reaction temperature and oscillatory speed on the yield of TMP esters and unwanted fatty soap formation were examined. The optimum conditions for the reaction were found at 120 °C, 20 mbar, 3.9:1 M ratio of PME:TMP, 1.0 wt% catalyst solution and 180 rpm oscillatory speed. The product containing 95 wt% TMP triester was successfully synthesized in 1 h with 167 mg/g of fatty soap. The physicochemical properties of the TMP esters obtained using pulse reactor were comparable to characteristics of high oleic TMP esters. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:12:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-47492 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:12:28Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-474922016-05-20T02:06:14Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47492/ Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor Abd Hamid, Hamidah Yunus, Robiah Rashid, Umer Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw Ali, Salmiaton Muhammad Syam, Azhari The experimental studies have shown that a pulsed loop reactor can be used to successfully reduce the reaction time for the transesterification of oils and fats. In the present study, the transesterification of palm methyl ester (PME) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) to produce palm oil based TMP ester was conducted using the vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor. The reaction was catalyzed with sodium methoxide solution in methanol. The influences of five operating variables such as vacuum pressure, catalyst loading, molar ratio of high oleic PME to TMP, reaction temperature and oscillatory speed on the yield of TMP esters and unwanted fatty soap formation were examined. The optimum conditions for the reaction were found at 120 °C, 20 mbar, 3.9:1 M ratio of PME:TMP, 1.0 wt% catalyst solution and 180 rpm oscillatory speed. The product containing 95 wt% TMP triester was successfully synthesized in 1 h with 167 mg/g of fatty soap. The physicochemical properties of the TMP esters obtained using pulse reactor were comparable to characteristics of high oleic TMP esters. Elsevier 2016 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47492/1/Synthesis%20of%20high%20oleic%20palm%20oil-based%20trimethylolpropane%20esters%20in%20a%20vacuum%20operated%20pulsed%20loop%20reactor.pdf Abd Hamid, Hamidah and Yunus, Robiah and Rashid, Umer and Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw and Ali, Salmiaton and Muhammad Syam, Azhari (2016) Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor. Fuel, 166. pp. 560-566. ISSN 0016-2361; ESSN: 1873-7153 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236115011722 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.11.022 |
| spellingShingle | Abd Hamid, Hamidah Yunus, Robiah Rashid, Umer Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw Ali, Salmiaton Muhammad Syam, Azhari Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor |
| title | Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor |
| title_full | Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor |
| title_short | Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor |
| title_sort | synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47492/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47492/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47492/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/47492/1/Synthesis%20of%20high%20oleic%20palm%20oil-based%20trimethylolpropane%20esters%20in%20a%20vacuum%20operated%20pulsed%20loop%20reactor.pdf |