Screening of various parts of Phaleria macrocarpa plant for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

Phaleria macrocarpa is an herbal plant used in Malaysia to enhance vitality. The aim of this study was to screen the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of different parts (fruit flesh, leaves and stem) of P. macrocarpa. Methanol (polar) and n-hexane (nonpolar) extracts, obtained by room temperature s...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: E., Sabina, I. S., M. Zaidul, Ghafoor, Kashif, M. Jaffri, J., F., Sahena, Babiker, E. E., Perumal, V., Mirhosseini, Hamed, Mehrnoush, Amid, A., Khatib
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2016
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/46232/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/46232/1/Screening%20of%20various%20parts%20of%20Phaleria%20macrocarpa%20plant%20for%20%CE%B1-glucosidase%20inhibitory%20activity.pdf
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Summary:Phaleria macrocarpa is an herbal plant used in Malaysia to enhance vitality. The aim of this study was to screen the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of different parts (fruit flesh, leaves and stem) of P. macrocarpa. Methanol (polar) and n-hexane (nonpolar) extracts, obtained by room temperature solvent extraction, were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase activity inhibition. The compounds were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) according to their similarity index of >70%, which might be responsible for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The methanol extract of the fruit flesh had the highest yield (25.6 ± 0.5%), whereas the n-hexane extract of the stem is more effective against α-glucosidase activity (IC50 0.8 ± 0.1 μg/mL). The fruit flesh (IC501.3 ± 0.2 μg/mL) and leaves (IC501.6 ± 0.6 μg/mL) had also well effectively. The identified metabolites are predominantly phenolics, carbohydrates, triterpenes and organic acids, such as D-fructose, squalene, α-linolenic acid and α-D-glucopyranoside. In-depth chemical profiling using GC-MS was performed for the first time for this plant to assess the likely compounds present in the extract that could be associated with anti-hyperglycemic activity. Of the three parts tested, every part indicates the potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and hexane extract of stem showed more inhibitory activity among all extracts. Thus, P. macrocarpa can attenuate hyperglycemia by potently inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, making it a viable plant as a source of natural compounds for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.