Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil
Calcium oxide catalysts were prepared from natural calcium sources such as limestone and mud creeper shell and the catalytic activities were evaluated in the transesterification of palm oil. The raw material which mainly composed of calcium carbonate can be easily converted to calcium oxide (CaO) af...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IJSTR Research Publications
2015
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/45956/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/45956/1/Preparation%20and%20characterization%20of%20modified%20calcium%20oxide%20from%20natural%20sources%20and%20their%20application%20in%20the%20transesterification%20of%20palm%20oil.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848850567824146432 |
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| author | C. M., Aqliliriana Noryana Muhamad, Ernee Ramli, Irmawati |
| author_facet | C. M., Aqliliriana Noryana Muhamad, Ernee Ramli, Irmawati |
| author_sort | C. M., Aqliliriana |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Calcium oxide catalysts were prepared from natural calcium sources such as limestone and mud creeper shell and the catalytic activities were evaluated in the transesterification of palm oil. The raw material which mainly composed of calcium carbonate can be easily converted to calcium oxide (CaO) after calcination above 1000 K for few hours. Abundant, cheap sources, benign, high conversion and nontoxic become main advantages of these catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRF, TGA, XRD, CO2-TPD, SEM, and BET methods. Thermal decomposition of CaCO3, will produced CaO which later will be converted into calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) via simple hydration technique. Under optimum reaction condition (methanol to oil ratio 15:1, catalyst loading 3 wt.%, reaction temperature 338 K for 5 hours), the highest conversion of palm oil to methyl ester recorded were 98% and 94% when using modified limestone and mud creeper shell respectively. The results observed an increment up to 80% by using modified catalysts with characterization results showed high in basicity and surface area. Hence, promising materials via simple and cheap method can be achieved. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:08:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-45956 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:08:21Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | IJSTR Research Publications |
| recordtype | eprints |
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| spelling | upm-459562022-05-19T02:02:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/45956/ Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil C. M., Aqliliriana Noryana Muhamad, Ernee Ramli, Irmawati Calcium oxide catalysts were prepared from natural calcium sources such as limestone and mud creeper shell and the catalytic activities were evaluated in the transesterification of palm oil. The raw material which mainly composed of calcium carbonate can be easily converted to calcium oxide (CaO) after calcination above 1000 K for few hours. Abundant, cheap sources, benign, high conversion and nontoxic become main advantages of these catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRF, TGA, XRD, CO2-TPD, SEM, and BET methods. Thermal decomposition of CaCO3, will produced CaO which later will be converted into calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) via simple hydration technique. Under optimum reaction condition (methanol to oil ratio 15:1, catalyst loading 3 wt.%, reaction temperature 338 K for 5 hours), the highest conversion of palm oil to methyl ester recorded were 98% and 94% when using modified limestone and mud creeper shell respectively. The results observed an increment up to 80% by using modified catalysts with characterization results showed high in basicity and surface area. Hence, promising materials via simple and cheap method can be achieved. IJSTR Research Publications 2015-11 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/45956/1/Preparation%20and%20characterization%20of%20modified%20calcium%20oxide%20from%20natural%20sources%20and%20their%20application%20in%20the%20transesterification%20of%20palm%20oil.pdf C. M., Aqliliriana and Noryana Muhamad, Ernee and Ramli, Irmawati (2015) Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4 (11). pp. 168-175. ISSN 2277-8616 https://ijstr.org/research-paper-publishing.php?month=nov2015 |
| spellingShingle | C. M., Aqliliriana Noryana Muhamad, Ernee Ramli, Irmawati Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil |
| title | Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil |
| title_full | Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil |
| title_short | Preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of modified calcium oxide from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of palm oil |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/45956/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/45956/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/45956/1/Preparation%20and%20characterization%20of%20modified%20calcium%20oxide%20from%20natural%20sources%20and%20their%20application%20in%20the%20transesterification%20of%20palm%20oil.pdf |