Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice
Background: The progression of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in western countries. Meanwhile, the lower incidence in Asian countries could be attributed to the heavy incorporation of green leaves vegetables or spices in their diets. Murraya koenigii (MK) or often time...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioMed Central
2015
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/44052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/44052/1/Chemopreventive%20and%20immunomodulatory%20effects%20of%20Murraya%20koenigii%20aqueous%20extract%20on%204T1%20breast%20cancer%20cell-challenged%20mice.pdf |
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| author | Yeap, Swee Keong Abu, Nadiah Mohamad, Nurul Elyani Beh, Boon Kee Ho, Wan Yong Ebrahimi, Siamak Mohd Yusof, Hamidah Ky, Huynh Tan, Sheau Wei Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu |
| author_facet | Yeap, Swee Keong Abu, Nadiah Mohamad, Nurul Elyani Beh, Boon Kee Ho, Wan Yong Ebrahimi, Siamak Mohd Yusof, Hamidah Ky, Huynh Tan, Sheau Wei Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu |
| author_sort | Yeap, Swee Keong |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: The progression of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in western countries. Meanwhile, the lower incidence in Asian countries could be attributed to the heavy incorporation of green leaves vegetables or spices in their diets. Murraya koenigii (MK) or often times known as curry leaves are common spice used mostly in tropical countries. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of MK aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice were evaluated. Methods: Herein, cytotoxic activity of MK was first tested on 4T1 cells in vitroby MTT assay. Then, in vivo chemopreventive study was conducted where mice were fed with extracts prior to and after inducing the tumor (inoculation). Tumor size was monitored post-4T1 inoculation. At the end of experiment, histopathology of tumor sections, T cell immunophenotyping, tumor nitric oxide level, serum cytokine level and qPCR analysis on expression of iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC were performed. Results: MK reduced the tumors’ size and lung metastasis aside from inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it decreased the level of nitric oxide and inflammation-related cytokines and genes, including iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC. Conclusion: The results propose that, MK managed to inhibit the progression of tumor via immunostimulatory effect and inflammatory reaction within the tumor samples. This suggests that MKconsumption could be a savior in the search of new chemopreventive agents. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:05:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-44052 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:05:29Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-440522022-03-14T03:49:37Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/44052/ Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice Yeap, Swee Keong Abu, Nadiah Mohamad, Nurul Elyani Beh, Boon Kee Ho, Wan Yong Ebrahimi, Siamak Mohd Yusof, Hamidah Ky, Huynh Tan, Sheau Wei Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu Background: The progression of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in western countries. Meanwhile, the lower incidence in Asian countries could be attributed to the heavy incorporation of green leaves vegetables or spices in their diets. Murraya koenigii (MK) or often times known as curry leaves are common spice used mostly in tropical countries. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of MK aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice were evaluated. Methods: Herein, cytotoxic activity of MK was first tested on 4T1 cells in vitroby MTT assay. Then, in vivo chemopreventive study was conducted where mice were fed with extracts prior to and after inducing the tumor (inoculation). Tumor size was monitored post-4T1 inoculation. At the end of experiment, histopathology of tumor sections, T cell immunophenotyping, tumor nitric oxide level, serum cytokine level and qPCR analysis on expression of iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC were performed. Results: MK reduced the tumors’ size and lung metastasis aside from inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it decreased the level of nitric oxide and inflammation-related cytokines and genes, including iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC. Conclusion: The results propose that, MK managed to inhibit the progression of tumor via immunostimulatory effect and inflammatory reaction within the tumor samples. This suggests that MKconsumption could be a savior in the search of new chemopreventive agents. BioMed Central 2015 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/44052/1/Chemopreventive%20and%20immunomodulatory%20effects%20of%20Murraya%20koenigii%20aqueous%20extract%20on%204T1%20breast%20cancer%20cell-challenged%20mice.pdf Yeap, Swee Keong and Abu, Nadiah and Mohamad, Nurul Elyani and Beh, Boon Kee and Ho, Wan Yong and Ebrahimi, Siamak and Mohd Yusof, Hamidah and Ky, Huynh and Tan, Sheau Wei and Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu (2015) Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15. art. no. 306. pp. 1-10. ISSN 1472-6882 https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-015-0832-z 10.1186/s12906-015-0832-z |
| spellingShingle | Yeap, Swee Keong Abu, Nadiah Mohamad, Nurul Elyani Beh, Boon Kee Ho, Wan Yong Ebrahimi, Siamak Mohd Yusof, Hamidah Ky, Huynh Tan, Sheau Wei Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice |
| title | Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice |
| title_full | Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice |
| title_fullStr | Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice |
| title_short | Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice |
| title_sort | chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4t1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/44052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/44052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/44052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/44052/1/Chemopreventive%20and%20immunomodulatory%20effects%20of%20Murraya%20koenigii%20aqueous%20extract%20on%204T1%20breast%20cancer%20cell-challenged%20mice.pdf |