Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst
The use of spherical millimetric gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) as a catalyst support for the production of biodiesel from palm oil was demonstrated. The catalyst support was produced using dripping method, and KI catalyst was loaded on the support using impregnation method. The highest FAME (fatty acid me...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2015
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43943/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43943/1/Biodiesel%20synthesis%20over%20millimetric%20%CE%B3-Al2O3KI%20catalyst.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848850365949149184 |
|---|---|
| author | Islam, Md Aminul Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ravindra, Pogaku Teo, Siow Hwa Seenivasagam, Sivasangar Chan, Eng Seng |
| author_facet | Islam, Md Aminul Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ravindra, Pogaku Teo, Siow Hwa Seenivasagam, Sivasangar Chan, Eng Seng |
| author_sort | Islam, Md Aminul |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The use of spherical millimetric gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) as a catalyst support for the production of biodiesel from palm oil was demonstrated. The catalyst support was produced using dripping method, and KI catalyst was loaded on the support using impregnation method. The highest FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) yield of 98% was obtained when the reaction was carried out under the conditions of catalyst to oil ratio of 0.6 g (4wt.%, gcat./goil) using 0.24gKI/gγ-Al2O3 of catalyst loading, reaction time of 4 h, temperature of 60 °C and methanol to palm oil molar ratio of 14:1. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis showed the formation of K2O and KAlO2 phases on the KI/γ-Al2O3 catalyst which were possibly the active sites for the transesterification reaction. The highest number and strength of basic sites generated from the solid phase reaction of the KI/γ-Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 0.24 g kF/g γ-Al2O3 were confirmed by temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD) analysis. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms was revealed a mesoporous structure of the catalysts. The leaching of potassium species in reused catalysts was observed, as verified by XRF (X-ray fluorescence). KI/γ-Al2O3 had a long life time and maintained sustained activity even after being repeatedly used for 11 cycles. The biodiesel yield was comparable to that produced from smaller catalysts. Thus, the catalyst could be potential for industrial use, as they can be handled safely, easily separated from the process fluid and used in fixed bed reactor to minimize pressure drop. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:05:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-43943 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:05:08Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-439432018-08-13T02:20:21Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43943/ Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst Islam, Md Aminul Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ravindra, Pogaku Teo, Siow Hwa Seenivasagam, Sivasangar Chan, Eng Seng The use of spherical millimetric gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) as a catalyst support for the production of biodiesel from palm oil was demonstrated. The catalyst support was produced using dripping method, and KI catalyst was loaded on the support using impregnation method. The highest FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) yield of 98% was obtained when the reaction was carried out under the conditions of catalyst to oil ratio of 0.6 g (4wt.%, gcat./goil) using 0.24gKI/gγ-Al2O3 of catalyst loading, reaction time of 4 h, temperature of 60 °C and methanol to palm oil molar ratio of 14:1. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis showed the formation of K2O and KAlO2 phases on the KI/γ-Al2O3 catalyst which were possibly the active sites for the transesterification reaction. The highest number and strength of basic sites generated from the solid phase reaction of the KI/γ-Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 0.24 g kF/g γ-Al2O3 were confirmed by temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD) analysis. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms was revealed a mesoporous structure of the catalysts. The leaching of potassium species in reused catalysts was observed, as verified by XRF (X-ray fluorescence). KI/γ-Al2O3 had a long life time and maintained sustained activity even after being repeatedly used for 11 cycles. The biodiesel yield was comparable to that produced from smaller catalysts. Thus, the catalyst could be potential for industrial use, as they can be handled safely, easily separated from the process fluid and used in fixed bed reactor to minimize pressure drop. Elsevier 2015 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43943/1/Biodiesel%20synthesis%20over%20millimetric%20%CE%B3-Al2O3KI%20catalyst.pdf Islam, Md Aminul and Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin and Ravindra, Pogaku and Teo, Siow Hwa and Seenivasagam, Sivasangar and Chan, Eng Seng (2015) Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst. Energy, 89. pp. 965-973. ISSN 0360-5442; ESSN: 1873-6785 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544215007926#! 10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.036 |
| spellingShingle | Islam, Md Aminul Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ravindra, Pogaku Teo, Siow Hwa Seenivasagam, Sivasangar Chan, Eng Seng Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst |
| title | Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst |
| title_full | Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst |
| title_fullStr | Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst |
| title_short | Biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-Al2O3/KI catalyst |
| title_sort | biodiesel synthesis over millimetric γ-al2o3/ki catalyst |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43943/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43943/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43943/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43943/1/Biodiesel%20synthesis%20over%20millimetric%20%CE%B3-Al2O3KI%20catalyst.pdf |