Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust
A smart meter is one of the core components in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that is responsible for providing effective control and monitor of electrical energy consumptions. The multifunction tasks that a smart meter carries out such as facilitating two-way communication between utility p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2015
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43886/1/Asthma%2C%20airway%20symptoms%20and%20rhinitis%20in%20office%20workers%20in%20Malaysia%20Associations%20with%20.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848850349951025152 |
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| author | Fang, Lee Lim Hashim, Zailina Thian, Leslie Lung Than Md Said, Salmiah Hashim, Jamal Hisham Norback, Dan |
| author_facet | Fang, Lee Lim Hashim, Zailina Thian, Leslie Lung Than Md Said, Salmiah Hashim, Jamal Hisham Norback, Dan |
| author_sort | Fang, Lee Lim |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | A smart meter is one of the core components in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that is responsible for providing effective control and monitor of electrical energy consumptions. The multifunction tasks that a smart meter carries out such as facilitating two-way communication between utility providers and consumers, managing metering data, delivering anomalies reports, analyzing fault and power quality, simply show that there are huge amount of data exchange in smart metering networks (SMNs). These data are prone to security threats due to high dependability of SMNs on Internet-based communication, which is highly insecure. Therefore, there is a need to identify all possible security threats over this network and propose suitable countermeasures for securing the communication between smart meters and utility provider office. This paper studies the architecture of the smart grid communication networks, focuses on smart metering networks and discusses how such networks can be vulnerable to security attacks. This paper also presents current mechanisms that have been used to secure the smart metering networks from specific type of attacks in SMNs. Moreover, we highlight several open issues related to the security and privacy of SMNs which we anticipate could serve as baseline for future research directions. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:04:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-43886 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T10:04:53Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-438862016-10-27T09:06:25Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43886/ Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust Fang, Lee Lim Hashim, Zailina Thian, Leslie Lung Than Md Said, Salmiah Hashim, Jamal Hisham Norback, Dan A smart meter is one of the core components in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that is responsible for providing effective control and monitor of electrical energy consumptions. The multifunction tasks that a smart meter carries out such as facilitating two-way communication between utility providers and consumers, managing metering data, delivering anomalies reports, analyzing fault and power quality, simply show that there are huge amount of data exchange in smart metering networks (SMNs). These data are prone to security threats due to high dependability of SMNs on Internet-based communication, which is highly insecure. Therefore, there is a need to identify all possible security threats over this network and propose suitable countermeasures for securing the communication between smart meters and utility provider office. This paper studies the architecture of the smart grid communication networks, focuses on smart metering networks and discusses how such networks can be vulnerable to security attacks. This paper also presents current mechanisms that have been used to secure the smart metering networks from specific type of attacks in SMNs. Moreover, we highlight several open issues related to the security and privacy of SMNs which we anticipate could serve as baseline for future research directions. Public Library of Science 2015 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43886/1/Asthma%2C%20airway%20symptoms%20and%20rhinitis%20in%20office%20workers%20in%20Malaysia%20Associations%20with%20.pdf Fang, Lee Lim and Hashim, Zailina and Thian, Leslie Lung Than and Md Said, Salmiah and Hashim, Jamal Hisham and Norback, Dan (2015) Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust. PLOS ONE, 10 (4). pp. 1-21. ISSN 1932-6203 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0124905 10.1371/journal.pone.0124905 |
| spellingShingle | Fang, Lee Lim Hashim, Zailina Thian, Leslie Lung Than Md Said, Salmiah Hashim, Jamal Hisham Norback, Dan Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust |
| title | Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust |
| title_full | Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust |
| title_fullStr | Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust |
| title_full_unstemmed | Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust |
| title_short | Asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in Malaysia: associations with House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust |
| title_sort | asthma, airway symptoms and rhinitis in office workers in malaysia: associations with house dust mite (hdm) allergy, cat allergy and levels of house dust mite allergens in office dust |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43886/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/43886/1/Asthma%2C%20airway%20symptoms%20and%20rhinitis%20in%20office%20workers%20in%20Malaysia%20Associations%20with%20.pdf |