The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia
Dietary studies often report low calcium intake amongst post-menopausal Malaysian women and calcium deficiency has been implicated as part of the etiology of age-related bone loss leading to osteoporosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of high calcium skimmed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2003
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40052/2/The%20effect%20of%20milk%20supplementation%20on%20bone%20mineral%20density.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848849316142120960 |
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| author | Chee, Winnie Siew Swee Abdul Rahman, Suriah Chan, Siew Pheng Yassin, Zaitun Chan, Yoke Mun |
| author_facet | Chee, Winnie Siew Swee Abdul Rahman, Suriah Chan, Siew Pheng Yassin, Zaitun Chan, Yoke Mun |
| author_sort | Chee, Winnie Siew Swee |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Dietary studies often report low calcium intake amongst post-menopausal Malaysian women and calcium deficiency has been implicated as part of the etiology of age-related bone loss leading to osteoporosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of high calcium skimmed milk (Anlene Gold™, New Zealand Milk, Wellington, New Zealand) to reduce bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women. Two hundred subjects aged 55–65 years and who were more than 5 years postmenopausal were randomized to a milk group and control group. The milk group consumed 50 g of high calcium skimmed milk powder daily, which contained 1200 mg calcium (taken as two glasses of milk a day). The control group continued with their usual diet. Using repeated measures ANCOVA, the milk supplement was found to significantly reduce the percentage of bone loss at the total body compared to the control group at 24 months (control −1.04%, milk −0.13%; P<0.001). At the lumbar spine, the percentage of bone loss in the control group was significantly higher (−0.90%) when compared to the milk (−0.13%) supplemented group at 24 months (P<0.05). Similarly, milk supplementation reduced the percentage of bone loss at the femoral neck (control −1.21%, milk 0.51%) (P<0.01) and total hip (control −2.17%, milk −0.50%) (P<0.01). The supplemented group did not experience any significant weight gain over the 24 months. The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level improved significantly (P<0.01) from 69.1±16.1 nmol/l at baseline to 86.4±22.0 nmol/l at 24 months in the milk group. In conclusion, ingestion of high calcium skimmed milk was effective in reducing the rate of bone loss at clinically important lumbar spine and hip sites in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia. Supplementing with milk had additional benefits of improving the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D status of the subjects. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:48:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-40052 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:48:27Z |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-400522015-08-27T03:52:17Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40052/ The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia Chee, Winnie Siew Swee Abdul Rahman, Suriah Chan, Siew Pheng Yassin, Zaitun Chan, Yoke Mun Dietary studies often report low calcium intake amongst post-menopausal Malaysian women and calcium deficiency has been implicated as part of the etiology of age-related bone loss leading to osteoporosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of high calcium skimmed milk (Anlene Gold™, New Zealand Milk, Wellington, New Zealand) to reduce bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women. Two hundred subjects aged 55–65 years and who were more than 5 years postmenopausal were randomized to a milk group and control group. The milk group consumed 50 g of high calcium skimmed milk powder daily, which contained 1200 mg calcium (taken as two glasses of milk a day). The control group continued with their usual diet. Using repeated measures ANCOVA, the milk supplement was found to significantly reduce the percentage of bone loss at the total body compared to the control group at 24 months (control −1.04%, milk −0.13%; P<0.001). At the lumbar spine, the percentage of bone loss in the control group was significantly higher (−0.90%) when compared to the milk (−0.13%) supplemented group at 24 months (P<0.05). Similarly, milk supplementation reduced the percentage of bone loss at the femoral neck (control −1.21%, milk 0.51%) (P<0.01) and total hip (control −2.17%, milk −0.50%) (P<0.01). The supplemented group did not experience any significant weight gain over the 24 months. The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level improved significantly (P<0.01) from 69.1±16.1 nmol/l at baseline to 86.4±22.0 nmol/l at 24 months in the milk group. In conclusion, ingestion of high calcium skimmed milk was effective in reducing the rate of bone loss at clinically important lumbar spine and hip sites in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia. Supplementing with milk had additional benefits of improving the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D status of the subjects. Springer 2003 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40052/2/The%20effect%20of%20milk%20supplementation%20on%20bone%20mineral%20density.pdf Chee, Winnie Siew Swee and Abdul Rahman, Suriah and Chan, Siew Pheng and Yassin, Zaitun and Chan, Yoke Mun (2003) The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia. Osteoporosis International, 14 (10). pp. 828-834. ISSN 0937-941X; ESSN: 1433-2965 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00198-003-1448-6 10.1007/s00198-003-1448-6 |
| spellingShingle | Chee, Winnie Siew Swee Abdul Rahman, Suriah Chan, Siew Pheng Yassin, Zaitun Chan, Yoke Mun The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia |
| title | The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia |
| title_full | The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia |
| title_short | The effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia |
| title_sort | effect of milk supplementation on bone mineral density in postmenopausal chinese women in malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40052/2/The%20effect%20of%20milk%20supplementation%20on%20bone%20mineral%20density.pdf |