Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties
The present study was conducted to optimize extraction process for defatted pitaya seed extract (DPSE) adopting response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level central composite design was used to optimize total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant powe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38161/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38161/1/38161.pdf |
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| author | Zulkifli, Siti Atikah Abd Gani, Siti Salwa Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi |
| author_facet | Zulkifli, Siti Atikah Abd Gani, Siti Salwa Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi |
| author_sort | Zulkifli, Siti Atikah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The present study was conducted to optimize extraction process for defatted pitaya seed extract (DPSE) adopting response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level central composite design was used to optimize total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) activities. The independent variables included extraction time (30–60 min), extraction temperature (40–80 °C) and ethanol concentration (60%–80%). Results showed that the quadratic polynomial equations for all models were significant at (p < 0.05), with non-significant lack of fit at p > 0.05 and R2 of more than 0.90. The optimized extraction parameters were established as follows: extraction time of 45 min, extraction temperature of 70 °C and ethanol concentration of 80%. Under these conditions, the recovery of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity based on FRAP and ABTS were 128.58 ± 1.61 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, 9.805 ± 0.69 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample, 1.23 ± 0.03 mM Fe2+/g sample, and 91.62% ± 0.15, respectively. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) analysis identified seven chemical compounds with flavonoids constituting major composition of the DPSE. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:40:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-38161 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:40:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-381612020-05-03T23:01:14Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38161/ Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties Zulkifli, Siti Atikah Abd Gani, Siti Salwa Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi The present study was conducted to optimize extraction process for defatted pitaya seed extract (DPSE) adopting response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level central composite design was used to optimize total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) activities. The independent variables included extraction time (30–60 min), extraction temperature (40–80 °C) and ethanol concentration (60%–80%). Results showed that the quadratic polynomial equations for all models were significant at (p < 0.05), with non-significant lack of fit at p > 0.05 and R2 of more than 0.90. The optimized extraction parameters were established as follows: extraction time of 45 min, extraction temperature of 70 °C and ethanol concentration of 80%. Under these conditions, the recovery of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity based on FRAP and ABTS were 128.58 ± 1.61 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, 9.805 ± 0.69 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample, 1.23 ± 0.03 mM Fe2+/g sample, and 91.62% ± 0.15, respectively. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) analysis identified seven chemical compounds with flavonoids constituting major composition of the DPSE. MDPI 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38161/1/38161.pdf Zulkifli, Siti Atikah and Abd Gani, Siti Salwa and Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah and Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi (2020) Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties. Molecules, 25 (4). art. no. 787. pp. 1-17. ISSN 1420-3049 https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/4/787 10.3390/molecules25040787 |
| spellingShingle | Zulkifli, Siti Atikah Abd Gani, Siti Salwa Zaidan, Uswatun Hasanah Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties |
| title | Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties |
| title_full | Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties |
| title_short | Optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties |
| title_sort | optimization of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of defatted pitaya (hylocereus polyrhizus) seed extract and its antioxidant properties |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38161/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38161/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38161/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38161/1/38161.pdf |