Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region
Background: Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. are reported to be the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasites in livestock, particularly in small ruminants. However, the routine conventional tool used in Malaysia could not differentiate the species accurately and therefore limitin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioMed Central
2014
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36804/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36804/1/Co-infection%20of%20Haemonchus%20contortus%20and%20Trichostrongylus%20spp.%20among%20livestock%20in%20Malaysia%20as%20revealed%20by%20amplification%20and%20sequencing%20of%20the%20internal%20transcribed%20spacer%20II%20DNA%20region.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848848434142904320 |
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| author | Tan, Tiong Kai Panchadcharam, Chandrawathani Low, Van Lun Lee, Soo Ching Ngui, Romano Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian |
| author_facet | Tan, Tiong Kai Panchadcharam, Chandrawathani Low, Van Lun Lee, Soo Ching Ngui, Romano Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian |
| author_sort | Tan, Tiong Kai |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. are reported to be the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasites in livestock, particularly in small ruminants. However, the routine conventional tool used in Malaysia could not differentiate the species accurately and therefore limiting the understanding of the co-infections between these two genera among livestock in Malaysia. This study is the first attempt to identify the strongylids of veterinary importance in Malaysia (i.e., H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp.) by amplification and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer II DNA region. Results: Overall, 118 (cattle: 11 of 98 or 11.2%; deer: 4 of 70 or 5.7%; goats: 99 of 157 or 63.1%; swine: 4 of 91 or 4.4%) out of the 416 collected fecal samples were microscopy positive with strongylid infection. The PCR and sequencing results demonstrated that 93 samples (1 or 25.0% of deer; 92 or 92.9% of goats) contained H. contortus. In addition, Trichostrongylus colubriformis was observed in 75 (75.8% of 99) of strongylid infected goats and Trichostrongylus axei in 4 (4.0%) of 99 goats and 2 (50.0%) of 4 deer. Based on the molecular results, co-infection of H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. (H. contortus + T. colubriformis denoted as HTC; H. contortus + T. axei denoted as HTA) were only found in goats. Specifically, HTC co-infections have higher rate (71 or 45.2% of 157) compared to HTA co-infections (3 or 1.9% of 157). Conclusions: The present study is the first molecular identification of strongylid species among livestock in Malaysia which is essential towards a better knowledge of the epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasitic infection among livestock in the country. Furthermore, a more comprehensive or nationwide molecular-based study on gastro-intestinal parasites in livestock should be carried out in the future, given that molecular tools could assist in improving diagnosis of veterinary parasitology in Malaysia due to its high sensitivity and accuracy. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:34:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-36804 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:34:26Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-368042015-12-08T00:44:52Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36804/ Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region Tan, Tiong Kai Panchadcharam, Chandrawathani Low, Van Lun Lee, Soo Ching Ngui, Romano Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian Background: Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. are reported to be the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasites in livestock, particularly in small ruminants. However, the routine conventional tool used in Malaysia could not differentiate the species accurately and therefore limiting the understanding of the co-infections between these two genera among livestock in Malaysia. This study is the first attempt to identify the strongylids of veterinary importance in Malaysia (i.e., H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp.) by amplification and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer II DNA region. Results: Overall, 118 (cattle: 11 of 98 or 11.2%; deer: 4 of 70 or 5.7%; goats: 99 of 157 or 63.1%; swine: 4 of 91 or 4.4%) out of the 416 collected fecal samples were microscopy positive with strongylid infection. The PCR and sequencing results demonstrated that 93 samples (1 or 25.0% of deer; 92 or 92.9% of goats) contained H. contortus. In addition, Trichostrongylus colubriformis was observed in 75 (75.8% of 99) of strongylid infected goats and Trichostrongylus axei in 4 (4.0%) of 99 goats and 2 (50.0%) of 4 deer. Based on the molecular results, co-infection of H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. (H. contortus + T. colubriformis denoted as HTC; H. contortus + T. axei denoted as HTA) were only found in goats. Specifically, HTC co-infections have higher rate (71 or 45.2% of 157) compared to HTA co-infections (3 or 1.9% of 157). Conclusions: The present study is the first molecular identification of strongylid species among livestock in Malaysia which is essential towards a better knowledge of the epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasitic infection among livestock in the country. Furthermore, a more comprehensive or nationwide molecular-based study on gastro-intestinal parasites in livestock should be carried out in the future, given that molecular tools could assist in improving diagnosis of veterinary parasitology in Malaysia due to its high sensitivity and accuracy. BioMed Central 2014 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36804/1/Co-infection%20of%20Haemonchus%20contortus%20and%20Trichostrongylus%20spp.%20among%20livestock%20in%20Malaysia%20as%20revealed%20by%20amplification%20and%20sequencing%20of%20the%20internal%20transcribed%20spacer%20II%20DNA%20region.pdf Tan, Tiong Kai and Panchadcharam, Chandrawathani and Low, Van Lun and Lee, Soo Ching and Ngui, Romano and Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar and Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian (2014) Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region. BMC Veterinary Research, 10 (38). pp. 1-7. ISSN 1746-6148 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/10/38 10.1186/1746-6148-10-38 |
| spellingShingle | Tan, Tiong Kai Panchadcharam, Chandrawathani Low, Van Lun Lee, Soo Ching Ngui, Romano Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region |
| title | Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region |
| title_full | Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region |
| title_fullStr | Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region |
| title_short | Co-infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in Malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer II DNA region |
| title_sort | co-infection of haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus spp. among livestock in malaysia as revealed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer ii dna region |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36804/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36804/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36804/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36804/1/Co-infection%20of%20Haemonchus%20contortus%20and%20Trichostrongylus%20spp.%20among%20livestock%20in%20Malaysia%20as%20revealed%20by%20amplification%20and%20sequencing%20of%20the%20internal%20transcribed%20spacer%20II%20DNA%20region.pdf |