Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis
OBJECTIVE: Brewers’ rice, a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ, is a rice by-product in the rice industry. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of the water extract of brewers’ rice (WBR) against colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS...
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| Format: | Article |
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Verduci Editore
2015
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36004/ |
| _version_ | 1848848212271562752 |
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| author | Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Yeap, Swee Keong Karim, Roselina |
| author_facet | Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Yeap, Swee Keong Karim, Roselina |
| author_sort | Tan, Bee Ling |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | OBJECTIVE: Brewers’ rice, a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ, is a rice by-product in the rice industry. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of the water extract of brewers’ rice (WBR) against colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytotoxicity activity was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The morphological changes of the HT-29 cells were observed using inverted light and fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle and apoptotic cell death analyses were performed using flow cytometer. Besides that, the selected polyphenolic compounds in WBR were also analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).
RESULTS: The cytotoxicity results showed that WBR was more cytotoxic (but not significantly different) in HT-29 cells compared to the MBR, with IC50 value of 21.88 ± 12.43 µg/mL and 34.50 ± 5.92 µg/mL for WBR and MBR, respectively (p > 0.05). WBR-treated HT-29 cells displayed the typical characteristics of apoptosis, as visualized using inverted light and fluorescence microscope. WBR also significantly increased the number of early and late apoptotic HT-29 cells compared to control cells (p < 0.05). Results from UPLC analysis demonstrated that ferulic acid (36.42 ± 2.97 µg/g) was found the highest level in WBR, followed by gallic acid (26.09 ± 2.01 µg/g) and p-coumaric acid (7.13 ± 0.36 µg/g). These phenolics are speculated to partially contribute to apoptotic cell death.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that WBR derived from natural sources might represent a potential chemopreventive agent against colon cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:30:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-36004 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:30:54Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Verduci Editore |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-360042016-02-12T07:27:04Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36004/ Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Yeap, Swee Keong Karim, Roselina OBJECTIVE: Brewers’ rice, a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ, is a rice by-product in the rice industry. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of the water extract of brewers’ rice (WBR) against colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytotoxicity activity was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The morphological changes of the HT-29 cells were observed using inverted light and fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle and apoptotic cell death analyses were performed using flow cytometer. Besides that, the selected polyphenolic compounds in WBR were also analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). RESULTS: The cytotoxicity results showed that WBR was more cytotoxic (but not significantly different) in HT-29 cells compared to the MBR, with IC50 value of 21.88 ± 12.43 µg/mL and 34.50 ± 5.92 µg/mL for WBR and MBR, respectively (p > 0.05). WBR-treated HT-29 cells displayed the typical characteristics of apoptosis, as visualized using inverted light and fluorescence microscope. WBR also significantly increased the number of early and late apoptotic HT-29 cells compared to control cells (p < 0.05). Results from UPLC analysis demonstrated that ferulic acid (36.42 ± 2.97 µg/g) was found the highest level in WBR, followed by gallic acid (26.09 ± 2.01 µg/g) and p-coumaric acid (7.13 ± 0.36 µg/g). These phenolics are speculated to partially contribute to apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that WBR derived from natural sources might represent a potential chemopreventive agent against colon cancer. Verduci Editore 2015 Article PeerReviewed Tan, Bee Ling and Mohd Esa, Norhaizan and Yeap, Swee Keong and Karim, Roselina (2015) Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 19 (6). pp. 1022-1029. ISSN 1128-3602; ESSN: 2284-0729 http://www.europeanreview.org/article/8692 |
| spellingShingle | Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Yeap, Swee Keong Karim, Roselina Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis |
| title | Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis |
| title_full | Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis |
| title_fullStr | Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis |
| title_short | Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis |
| title_sort | water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (ht-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36004/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36004/ |