Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China
In recent years, earthquake-triggered landslides have attracted much attention in the scientific community as a main form of seismic ground response. However, little work has been performed concerning the volume and gravitational potential energy reduction of earthquake-triggered landslides and thei...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer Verlag
2014
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35996/ |
| _version_ | 1848848209810554880 |
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| author | Xu, Chong Xu, Xiwei Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza Pradhan, Biswajeet Iqbal, Javed |
| author_facet | Xu, Chong Xu, Xiwei Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza Pradhan, Biswajeet Iqbal, Javed |
| author_sort | Xu, Chong |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In recent years, earthquake-triggered landslides have attracted much attention in the scientific community as a main form of seismic ground response. However, little work has been performed concerning the volume and gravitational potential energy reduction of earthquake-triggered landslides and their severe effect on landscape change. This paper presents a quantitative study on the volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and change in landscape related to landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake. At least 2,036 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. A total landslide scar area of 1.194 km2 was delineated from the visual interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images and was supported by selected field checking. In this paper, we focus on possible answers to the following five questions: (1) What is the total volume of the 2,036 landslides triggered by the earthquake, and what is the average landslide erosion thickness in the earthquake-stricken area? (2) What are the elevations of all landslide materials in relation to pre- and post-landsliding? (3) How much was the gravitational potential energy reduced due to the sliding of these landslide materials? (4) What is the average elevation change caused by these landslides in the study area? (5) What is the vertical change of the regional centroid position above sea level, as induced by these landslides? It is concluded that the total volume of the 2,036 landslides is 2.9399 × 106 m3. The landslide erosion thickness throughout the study area is 2.02 mm. The materials of these landslides moved from an elevation of 4,145.243 to 4,104.697 m, resulting in a decreased distance of 40.546 m. The gravitational potential energy reduction related to the landslides triggered by the earthquake was 2.9213 × 1012 J. The average regional elevation of the study area is 4,427.160 m, a value consistent with the assumption that the accumulated materials were remained in situ. This value changes from 4,427.160 to 4,427.158 m with all landslide materials moved out of the study area, resulting in a reduction in elevation of 2 mm. Based on the assumption that all landslide materials moved out of the study area, the elevations of the centroid of the study area’s crust changed from 2,222.45967 to 2,222.45867 m, which means the centroid value decreased by 1 mm. This value is 0.001 mm when assuming that the materials were remained in situ, which is almost negligible, compared with the situation of “all landslide materials moved out of the study area.” |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:30:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-35996 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:30:52Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Springer Verlag |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-359962016-02-12T07:22:52Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35996/ Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China Xu, Chong Xu, Xiwei Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza Pradhan, Biswajeet Iqbal, Javed In recent years, earthquake-triggered landslides have attracted much attention in the scientific community as a main form of seismic ground response. However, little work has been performed concerning the volume and gravitational potential energy reduction of earthquake-triggered landslides and their severe effect on landscape change. This paper presents a quantitative study on the volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and change in landscape related to landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake. At least 2,036 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. A total landslide scar area of 1.194 km2 was delineated from the visual interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images and was supported by selected field checking. In this paper, we focus on possible answers to the following five questions: (1) What is the total volume of the 2,036 landslides triggered by the earthquake, and what is the average landslide erosion thickness in the earthquake-stricken area? (2) What are the elevations of all landslide materials in relation to pre- and post-landsliding? (3) How much was the gravitational potential energy reduced due to the sliding of these landslide materials? (4) What is the average elevation change caused by these landslides in the study area? (5) What is the vertical change of the regional centroid position above sea level, as induced by these landslides? It is concluded that the total volume of the 2,036 landslides is 2.9399 × 106 m3. The landslide erosion thickness throughout the study area is 2.02 mm. The materials of these landslides moved from an elevation of 4,145.243 to 4,104.697 m, resulting in a decreased distance of 40.546 m. The gravitational potential energy reduction related to the landslides triggered by the earthquake was 2.9213 × 1012 J. The average regional elevation of the study area is 4,427.160 m, a value consistent with the assumption that the accumulated materials were remained in situ. This value changes from 4,427.160 to 4,427.158 m with all landslide materials moved out of the study area, resulting in a reduction in elevation of 2 mm. Based on the assumption that all landslide materials moved out of the study area, the elevations of the centroid of the study area’s crust changed from 2,222.45967 to 2,222.45867 m, which means the centroid value decreased by 1 mm. This value is 0.001 mm when assuming that the materials were remained in situ, which is almost negligible, compared with the situation of “all landslide materials moved out of the study area.” Springer Verlag 2014-06 Article PeerReviewed Xu, Chong and Xu, Xiwei and Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza and Pradhan, Biswajeet and Iqbal, Javed (2014) Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7 (6). 2129-2138 . ISSN 1866-7511; ESSN: 1866-7538 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12517-013-1020-4 10.1007/s12517-013-1020-4 |
| spellingShingle | Xu, Chong Xu, Xiwei Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza Pradhan, Biswajeet Iqbal, Javed Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China |
| title | Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China |
| title_full | Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China |
| title_fullStr | Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China |
| title_short | Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake of China |
| title_sort | volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 april 2010 yushu earthquake of china |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35996/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35996/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35996/ |