Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst
The calcium oxide catalysts derived from waste obtuse horn shells were utilized in the transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel. This environment-friendly catalyst is thermally activated at 800 °C for 3 h. The resulting CaO catalyst was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-r...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2015
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35888/ |
| _version_ | 1848848180228128768 |
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| author | Lee, Seik Lih Wong, Yong Chen Tan, Yen Ping Yew, Sook Yan |
| author_facet | Lee, Seik Lih Wong, Yong Chen Tan, Yen Ping Yew, Sook Yan |
| author_sort | Lee, Seik Lih |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The calcium oxide catalysts derived from waste obtuse horn shells were utilized in the transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel. This environment-friendly catalyst is thermally activated at 800 °C for 3 h. The resulting CaO catalyst was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (TPD-CO2), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD patterns of calcined catalyst showed intense peaks of calcium oxide, consistent with XRF results that revealed calcium is the major element present in the obtuse horn shells. High calcination temperature (800 °C) tended to promote agglomeration of fine crystals, resulted in a smaller surface area (0.07 m2/g) as examined by BET. Catalytic activities in the transesterification process had been investigated using one-variable-at-a-time technique. The optimum palm oil conversion was 86.75% under reaction conditions of 6 h, 5 wt.% of catalyst amount and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. Reusability of this waste shell derived catalyst was examined and results showed that the prepared catalysts are able to be reused up to 3 times with conversion of more than 70% after the third cycles. Although the reusability may not be excellent at the moment, it is still in the exploratory study. More efforts were done to improve its properties and stability. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:30:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-35888 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:30:24Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-358882016-02-12T13:56:06Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35888/ Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst Lee, Seik Lih Wong, Yong Chen Tan, Yen Ping Yew, Sook Yan The calcium oxide catalysts derived from waste obtuse horn shells were utilized in the transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel. This environment-friendly catalyst is thermally activated at 800 °C for 3 h. The resulting CaO catalyst was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (TPD-CO2), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD patterns of calcined catalyst showed intense peaks of calcium oxide, consistent with XRF results that revealed calcium is the major element present in the obtuse horn shells. High calcination temperature (800 °C) tended to promote agglomeration of fine crystals, resulted in a smaller surface area (0.07 m2/g) as examined by BET. Catalytic activities in the transesterification process had been investigated using one-variable-at-a-time technique. The optimum palm oil conversion was 86.75% under reaction conditions of 6 h, 5 wt.% of catalyst amount and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. Reusability of this waste shell derived catalyst was examined and results showed that the prepared catalysts are able to be reused up to 3 times with conversion of more than 70% after the third cycles. Although the reusability may not be excellent at the moment, it is still in the exploratory study. More efforts were done to improve its properties and stability. Elsevier 2015-03-15 Article PeerReviewed Lee, Seik Lih and Wong, Yong Chen and Tan, Yen Ping and Yew, Sook Yan (2015) Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst. Energy Conversion and Management, 93. pp. 282-288. ISSN 0196-8904; ESSN: 1879-2227 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890414011066 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.067 |
| spellingShingle | Lee, Seik Lih Wong, Yong Chen Tan, Yen Ping Yew, Sook Yan Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst |
| title | Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst |
| title_full | Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst |
| title_fullStr | Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst |
| title_short | Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst |
| title_sort | transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived cao catalyst |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35888/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35888/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35888/ |