Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber
A synthesis of acrylonitrile (AN)/butyl acrylate (BA)/fumaronitrile (FN) and AN/EHA (ethyl hexyl acrylate)/FN terpolymers was carried out by redox polymerization using sodium bisulfite (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator at 40 °C. The effect of comonomers, BA and EHA and termonomer, F...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2014
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35574/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35574/1/Synthesis%20and%20Thermal%20Properties%20of%20Acrylonitrile.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848848093249798144 |
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| author | Md. Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Daik, Rusli Ahmad, Ishak |
| author_facet | Md. Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Daik, Rusli Ahmad, Ishak |
| author_sort | Md. Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | A synthesis of acrylonitrile (AN)/butyl acrylate (BA)/fumaronitrile (FN) and AN/EHA (ethyl hexyl acrylate)/FN terpolymers was carried out by redox polymerization using sodium bisulfite (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator at 40 °C. The effect of comonomers, BA and EHA and termonomer, FN on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and stabilization temperature was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behavior and char yield were obtained by Thermogravimetric Analysis. The conversions of AN, comonomers (BA and EHA) and FN were 55%–71%, 85%–91% and 76%–79%, respectively. It was found that with the same comonomer feed (10%), the Tg of AN/EHA copolymer was lower at 63 °C compared to AN/BA copolymer (70 °C). AN/EHA/FN terpolymer also exhibited a lower Tg at 63 °C when compared to that of the AN/BA/FN terpolymer (67 °C). By incorporating BA and EHA into a PAN system, the char yield was reduced to ~38.0% compared to that of AN (~47.7%). It was found that FN reduced the initial cyclization temperature of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers to 228 and 221 °C, respectively, in comparison to that of AN/BA and AN/EHA copolymers (~260 °C). In addition, FN reduced the heat liberation per unit time during the stabilization process that consequently reduced the emission of volatile group during this process. As a result, the char yields of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers are higher at ~45.1% and ~43.9%, respectively, as compared to those of AN/BA copolymer (37.1%) and AN/EHA copolymer (38.0%). |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:29:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-35574 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:29:01Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-355742016-01-18T01:02:59Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35574/ Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber Md. Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Daik, Rusli Ahmad, Ishak A synthesis of acrylonitrile (AN)/butyl acrylate (BA)/fumaronitrile (FN) and AN/EHA (ethyl hexyl acrylate)/FN terpolymers was carried out by redox polymerization using sodium bisulfite (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator at 40 °C. The effect of comonomers, BA and EHA and termonomer, FN on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and stabilization temperature was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behavior and char yield were obtained by Thermogravimetric Analysis. The conversions of AN, comonomers (BA and EHA) and FN were 55%–71%, 85%–91% and 76%–79%, respectively. It was found that with the same comonomer feed (10%), the Tg of AN/EHA copolymer was lower at 63 °C compared to AN/BA copolymer (70 °C). AN/EHA/FN terpolymer also exhibited a lower Tg at 63 °C when compared to that of the AN/BA/FN terpolymer (67 °C). By incorporating BA and EHA into a PAN system, the char yield was reduced to ~38.0% compared to that of AN (~47.7%). It was found that FN reduced the initial cyclization temperature of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers to 228 and 221 °C, respectively, in comparison to that of AN/BA and AN/EHA copolymers (~260 °C). In addition, FN reduced the heat liberation per unit time during the stabilization process that consequently reduced the emission of volatile group during this process. As a result, the char yields of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers are higher at ~45.1% and ~43.9%, respectively, as compared to those of AN/BA copolymer (37.1%) and AN/EHA copolymer (38.0%). MDPI 2014 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35574/1/Synthesis%20and%20Thermal%20Properties%20of%20Acrylonitrile.pdf Md. Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain and Daik, Rusli and Ahmad, Ishak (2014) Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber. Materials, 7 (9). pp. 6207-6223. ISSN 1996-1944 http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/7/9/6207 10.3390/ma7096207 |
| spellingShingle | Md. Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Daik, Rusli Ahmad, Ishak Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber |
| title | Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber |
| title_full | Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber |
| title_short | Synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber |
| title_sort | synthesis and thermal properties of acrylonitrile/butyl acrylate/fumaronitrile and acrylonitrile/ethyl hexyl acrylate/fumaronitrile terpolymers as a potential precursor for carbon fiber |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35574/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35574/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35574/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/35574/1/Synthesis%20and%20Thermal%20Properties%20of%20Acrylonitrile.pdf |