Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor
In fabrication of ZnO-based low voltage varistor, Bi2O3 and TiO2 have been used as former and grain growth enhancer factors respectively. Therefore, the molar ratio of the factors is quit important in the fabrication. In this paper, modeling and optimization of Bi2O3 and TiO2 was carried out by resp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Chemistry Central
2013
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/30813/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/30813/1/Optimizing%20Bi2O3%20and%20TiO2%20to%20achieve%20the%20maximum%20non.pdf |
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| author | Abdollahi, Yadollah Zakaria, Azmi Aziz, Raba'ah Syahidah Ahmad Tamili, Siti Norazilah Matori, Khamirul Amin Mohd Shahrani, Nuraine Mariana Mohd Sidek, Nurhidayati Dorraj, Masoumeh Moosavi, Seyedehmaryam |
| author_facet | Abdollahi, Yadollah Zakaria, Azmi Aziz, Raba'ah Syahidah Ahmad Tamili, Siti Norazilah Matori, Khamirul Amin Mohd Shahrani, Nuraine Mariana Mohd Sidek, Nurhidayati Dorraj, Masoumeh Moosavi, Seyedehmaryam |
| author_sort | Abdollahi, Yadollah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In fabrication of ZnO-based low voltage varistor, Bi2O3 and TiO2 have been used as former and grain growth enhancer factors respectively. Therefore, the molar ratio of the factors is quit important in the fabrication. In this paper, modeling and optimization of Bi2O3 and TiO2 was carried out by response surface methodology to achieve maximized electrical properties. The fabrication was planned by central composite design using two variables and one response. To obtain actual responses, the design was performed in laboratory by the conventional methods of ceramics fabrication. The actual responses were fitted into a valid second order algebraic polynomial equation. Then the quadratic model was suggested by response surface methodology. The model was validated by analysis of variance which provided several evidences such as high F-value (153.6), very low P-value (<0.0001), adjusted R-squared (0.985) and predicted R-squared (0.947). Moreover, the lack of fit was not significant which means the model was significant.
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| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:08:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-30813 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:08:13Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Chemistry Central |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-308132015-09-07T02:03:36Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/30813/ Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor Abdollahi, Yadollah Zakaria, Azmi Aziz, Raba'ah Syahidah Ahmad Tamili, Siti Norazilah Matori, Khamirul Amin Mohd Shahrani, Nuraine Mariana Mohd Sidek, Nurhidayati Dorraj, Masoumeh Moosavi, Seyedehmaryam In fabrication of ZnO-based low voltage varistor, Bi2O3 and TiO2 have been used as former and grain growth enhancer factors respectively. Therefore, the molar ratio of the factors is quit important in the fabrication. In this paper, modeling and optimization of Bi2O3 and TiO2 was carried out by response surface methodology to achieve maximized electrical properties. The fabrication was planned by central composite design using two variables and one response. To obtain actual responses, the design was performed in laboratory by the conventional methods of ceramics fabrication. The actual responses were fitted into a valid second order algebraic polynomial equation. Then the quadratic model was suggested by response surface methodology. The model was validated by analysis of variance which provided several evidences such as high F-value (153.6), very low P-value (<0.0001), adjusted R-squared (0.985) and predicted R-squared (0.947). Moreover, the lack of fit was not significant which means the model was significant. Chemistry Central 2013-08-10 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/30813/1/Optimizing%20Bi2O3%20and%20TiO2%20to%20achieve%20the%20maximum%20non.pdf Abdollahi, Yadollah and Zakaria, Azmi and Aziz, Raba'ah Syahidah and Ahmad Tamili, Siti Norazilah and Matori, Khamirul Amin and Mohd Shahrani, Nuraine Mariana and Mohd Sidek, Nurhidayati and Dorraj, Masoumeh and Moosavi, Seyedehmaryam (2013) Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor. Chemistry Central Journal, 7. art. no. 137. pp. 1-10. ISSN 1752-153X http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/7/August/2013 10.1186/1752-153X-7-137 English |
| spellingShingle | Abdollahi, Yadollah Zakaria, Azmi Aziz, Raba'ah Syahidah Ahmad Tamili, Siti Norazilah Matori, Khamirul Amin Mohd Shahrani, Nuraine Mariana Mohd Sidek, Nurhidayati Dorraj, Masoumeh Moosavi, Seyedehmaryam Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor |
| title | Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor |
| title_full | Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor |
| title_short | Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor |
| title_sort | optimizing bi2o3 and tio2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of zno low voltage varistor |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/30813/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/30813/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/30813/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/30813/1/Optimizing%20Bi2O3%20and%20TiO2%20to%20achieve%20the%20maximum%20non.pdf |