Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil
Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining the physical health as well as the performance of athletes. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to determine vitamin D intake, sun exposure and skin types of both indoor and outdoor Malaysian athletes in the National Sp...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
2013
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29580/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29580/1/Vitamin%20D%20Intake%20and%20Sun%20Exposure%20Among%20Malaysian%20Athletes.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848846438777225216 |
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| author | Leong, Lih Wei Loh, Su Peng Adzam, Neng Azhanie |
| author_facet | Leong, Lih Wei Loh, Su Peng Adzam, Neng Azhanie |
| author_sort | Leong, Lih Wei |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining the physical health as well as the
performance of athletes. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to determine vitamin D
intake, sun exposure and skin types of both indoor and outdoor Malaysian athletes in the National Sports
Institute, Bukit Jalil. Method: A total of 28 indoor (badminton, shooting, wushu and fencing) and 36
outdoor (athletics, football and hockey) athletes were recruited for this study. The dietary vitamin D
intake was estimated using Vitamin D-specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The Sun Exposure
Index (SEI) was calculated from Seven-day Sun Exposure Record while the skin types of athletes were
determined using Fitzpatrick Skin Typing Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the athletes was
21.02±4.11 years and their mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.20±2.22 kg/m2
. The mean body fat
percentage of outdoor athletes was significantly lower than indoor athletes (p<0.001). Forty two athletes
(65.6%) met the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) value for vitamin D and the outdoor athletes had
significantly greater amount of vitamin D intake compared to RNI (p<0.05) and the indoor athletes
(p<0.05). The indoor athletes spent significantly less time outdoor per day (p<0.05) and had lower SEI
per day (p<0.05) than outdoor athletes. Most of the indoor athletes (53.6%) had type II of Fitzpatrick
skin type while the outdoor athletes (47.2%) had type III of Fitzpatrick skin type. Conclusion: The
outdoor athletes had higher intake of vitamin D and more sun exposure than indoor athletes. There is a
need to ensure the adequacy intake of vitamin D among indoor athletes. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:02:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-29580 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T09:02:43Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-295802015-12-08T03:47:46Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29580/ Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil Leong, Lih Wei Loh, Su Peng Adzam, Neng Azhanie Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining the physical health as well as the performance of athletes. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to determine vitamin D intake, sun exposure and skin types of both indoor and outdoor Malaysian athletes in the National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil. Method: A total of 28 indoor (badminton, shooting, wushu and fencing) and 36 outdoor (athletics, football and hockey) athletes were recruited for this study. The dietary vitamin D intake was estimated using Vitamin D-specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The Sun Exposure Index (SEI) was calculated from Seven-day Sun Exposure Record while the skin types of athletes were determined using Fitzpatrick Skin Typing Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the athletes was 21.02±4.11 years and their mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.20±2.22 kg/m2 . The mean body fat percentage of outdoor athletes was significantly lower than indoor athletes (p<0.001). Forty two athletes (65.6%) met the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) value for vitamin D and the outdoor athletes had significantly greater amount of vitamin D intake compared to RNI (p<0.05) and the indoor athletes (p<0.05). The indoor athletes spent significantly less time outdoor per day (p<0.05) and had lower SEI per day (p<0.05) than outdoor athletes. Most of the indoor athletes (53.6%) had type II of Fitzpatrick skin type while the outdoor athletes (47.2%) had type III of Fitzpatrick skin type. Conclusion: The outdoor athletes had higher intake of vitamin D and more sun exposure than indoor athletes. There is a need to ensure the adequacy intake of vitamin D among indoor athletes. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 2013-01 Article NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29580/1/Vitamin%20D%20Intake%20and%20Sun%20Exposure%20Among%20Malaysian%20Athletes.pdf Leong, Lih Wei and Loh, Su Peng and Adzam, Neng Azhanie (2013) Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 9 (1). pp. 21-28. ISSN 1675-8544 http://www.medic.upm.edu.my/dokumen/FKUSK1_MJMHS_2013V09N1_OP03.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Leong, Lih Wei Loh, Su Peng Adzam, Neng Azhanie Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil |
| title | Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil |
| title_full | Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil |
| title_short | Vitamin D intake and sun exposure among Malaysian athletes in National Sports Institute, Bukit Jalil |
| title_sort | vitamin d intake and sun exposure among malaysian athletes in national sports institute, bukit jalil |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29580/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29580/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/29580/1/Vitamin%20D%20Intake%20and%20Sun%20Exposure%20Among%20Malaysian%20Athletes.pdf |