Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation
The reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation in refined palm oil was achieved by incorporation of additional processing steps in the physical refining process to remove chloroester precursors prior to the deodorization step. The modified refining process was optimized for t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Chemical Society
2013
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28141/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28141/1/Optimization%20of%20palm%20oil%20physical%20refining%20process%20for%20reduction%20of%203.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848846034339364864 |
|---|---|
| author | Zulkurnain, Musfirah Lai, Oi Ming Tan, Soo Choon Abd Latif, Razam Tan, Chin Ping |
| author_facet | Zulkurnain, Musfirah Lai, Oi Ming Tan, Soo Choon Abd Latif, Razam Tan, Chin Ping |
| author_sort | Zulkurnain, Musfirah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation in refined palm oil was achieved by incorporation of additional processing steps in the physical refining process to remove chloroester precursors prior to the deodorization step. The modified refining process was optimized for the least 3-MCPD ester formation and acceptable refined palm oil quality using response surface methodology (RSM) with five processing parameters: water dosage, phosphoric acid dosage, degumming temperature, activated clay dosage, and deodorization temperature. The removal of chloroester precursors was largely accomplished by increasing the water dosage, while the reduction of 3-MCPD esters was a compromise in oxidative stability and color of the refined palm oil because some factors such as acid dosage, degumming temperature, and deodorization temperature showed contradictory effects. The optimization resulted in 87.2% reduction of 3-MCPD esters from 2.9 mg/kg in the conventional refining process to 0.4 mg/kg, with color and oil stability index values of 2.4 R and 14.3 h, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:56:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-28141 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:56:17Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | American Chemical Society |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-281412016-04-22T03:08:50Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28141/ Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation Zulkurnain, Musfirah Lai, Oi Ming Tan, Soo Choon Abd Latif, Razam Tan, Chin Ping The reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation in refined palm oil was achieved by incorporation of additional processing steps in the physical refining process to remove chloroester precursors prior to the deodorization step. The modified refining process was optimized for the least 3-MCPD ester formation and acceptable refined palm oil quality using response surface methodology (RSM) with five processing parameters: water dosage, phosphoric acid dosage, degumming temperature, activated clay dosage, and deodorization temperature. The removal of chloroester precursors was largely accomplished by increasing the water dosage, while the reduction of 3-MCPD esters was a compromise in oxidative stability and color of the refined palm oil because some factors such as acid dosage, degumming temperature, and deodorization temperature showed contradictory effects. The optimization resulted in 87.2% reduction of 3-MCPD esters from 2.9 mg/kg in the conventional refining process to 0.4 mg/kg, with color and oil stability index values of 2.4 R and 14.3 h, respectively. American Chemical Society 2013 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28141/1/Optimization%20of%20palm%20oil%20physical%20refining%20process%20for%20reduction%20of%203.pdf Zulkurnain, Musfirah and Lai, Oi Ming and Tan, Soo Choon and Abd Latif, Razam and Tan, Chin Ping (2013) Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61 (13). pp. 3341-3349. ISSN 0021-8561; ESSN: 1520-5118 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf4009185 10.1021/jf4009185 |
| spellingShingle | Zulkurnain, Musfirah Lai, Oi Ming Tan, Soo Choon Abd Latif, Razam Tan, Chin Ping Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation |
| title | Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation |
| title_full | Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation |
| title_short | Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation |
| title_sort | optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-mcpd) ester formation |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28141/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28141/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28141/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28141/1/Optimization%20of%20palm%20oil%20physical%20refining%20process%20for%20reduction%20of%203.pdf |