Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia
Inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to contribute to the pathology of several chronic diseases including hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in blood) and atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of plant origin are needed as synthetic drugs, such as statins, which a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2016
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/27918/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/27918/1/27918.pdf |
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| author | Salvamani, Shamala Gunasekaran, Baskaran Shukor, Mohd Yunus Shaharuddin, Noor Azmi Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan Ahmad, Siti Aqlima |
| author_facet | Salvamani, Shamala Gunasekaran, Baskaran Shukor, Mohd Yunus Shaharuddin, Noor Azmi Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan Ahmad, Siti Aqlima |
| author_sort | Salvamani, Shamala |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to contribute to the pathology of several chronic diseases including hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in blood) and atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of plant origin are needed as synthetic drugs, such as statins, which are known to cause adverse effects on the liver and muscles. Amaranthus viridis (A. viridis) has been used from ancient times for its supposedly medically beneficial properties. In the current study, different parts of A. viridis (leaf, stem, and seed) were evaluated for potential anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The putative HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of A. viridis extracts at different concentrations was determined spectrophotometrically by NADPH oxidation, using HMG-CoA as substrate. A. viridis leaf extract revealed the highest HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory effect at about 71%, with noncompetitive inhibition in Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. The leaf extract showed good inhibition of hydroperoxides, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and ferric ion radicals in various concentrations. A. viridis leaf extract was proven to be an effective inhibitor of hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase enzymes. The experimental data suggest that A. viridis leaf extract is a source of potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and may modulate cholesterol metabolism by inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:55:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-27918 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:55:18Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-279182016-06-20T02:51:43Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/27918/ Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia Salvamani, Shamala Gunasekaran, Baskaran Shukor, Mohd Yunus Shaharuddin, Noor Azmi Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan Ahmad, Siti Aqlima Inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to contribute to the pathology of several chronic diseases including hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in blood) and atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of plant origin are needed as synthetic drugs, such as statins, which are known to cause adverse effects on the liver and muscles. Amaranthus viridis (A. viridis) has been used from ancient times for its supposedly medically beneficial properties. In the current study, different parts of A. viridis (leaf, stem, and seed) were evaluated for potential anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The putative HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of A. viridis extracts at different concentrations was determined spectrophotometrically by NADPH oxidation, using HMG-CoA as substrate. A. viridis leaf extract revealed the highest HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory effect at about 71%, with noncompetitive inhibition in Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. The leaf extract showed good inhibition of hydroperoxides, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and ferric ion radicals in various concentrations. A. viridis leaf extract was proven to be an effective inhibitor of hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase enzymes. The experimental data suggest that A. viridis leaf extract is a source of potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and may modulate cholesterol metabolism by inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/27918/1/27918.pdf Salvamani, Shamala and Gunasekaran, Baskaran and Shukor, Mohd Yunus and Shaharuddin, Noor Azmi and Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan and Ahmad, Siti Aqlima (2016) Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016. art. no. 8090841. pp. 1-10. ISSN 1741-427X; ESSN: 1741-4288 http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2016/8090841/abs/ 10.1155/2016/8090841 |
| spellingShingle | Salvamani, Shamala Gunasekaran, Baskaran Shukor, Mohd Yunus Shaharuddin, Noor Azmi Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan Ahmad, Siti Aqlima Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
| title | Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
| title_full | Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
| title_fullStr | Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
| title_short | Anti-HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
| title_sort | anti-hmg-coa reductase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of amaranthus viridis leaf extract as a potential treatment for hypercholesterolemia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/27918/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/27918/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/27918/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/27918/1/27918.pdf |