Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings.
A split plot 3 by 3 experiment was designed to investigate and distinguish the relationships among production of primary metabolites (soluble sugar and starch), secondary metabolites (total phenolics, TP; total flavonoids, TF) and leaf gas exchange of three varieties of the Malaysian medicinal herb...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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MDPI
2011
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23703/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23703/1/Enhancement%20of%20leaf%20gas%20exchange%20and%20primary%20metabolites%20under%20carbon%20dioxide%20enrichment%20up.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848844832560119808 |
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| author | Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz Jaafar, Hawa Z. E. |
| author_facet | Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz Jaafar, Hawa Z. E. |
| author_sort | Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | A split plot 3 by 3 experiment was designed to investigate and distinguish the relationships among production of primary metabolites (soluble sugar and starch), secondary metabolites (total phenolics, TP; total flavonoids, TF) and leaf gas exchange of three varieties of the Malaysian medicinal herb Labisia pumila Blume, namely the varieties alata, pumila and lanceolata, under three levels of CO2 enrichment (400, 800 and 1,200 μmol mol -1) for 15 weeks. The treatment effects were solely contributed by CO2 enrichment levels; no varietal differences were observed. As CO2 levels increased from 400 to 1,200 μmol mol-1, the production of carbohydrates also increased steadily, especially for starch more than soluble sugar (sucrose). TF and TP content, simultaneously, reached their peaks under 1,200 μmol exposure, followed by 800 and 400 μmol mol -1. Net photosynthesis (A) and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (fv/fm) were also enhanced as CO2 increased from 400 to 1,200 μmol mol-1. Leaf gas exchange characteristics displayed a significant positive relationship with the production of secondary metabolites and carbohydrate contents. The increase in production of TP and TFs were manifested by high C/N ratio and low protein content in L. pumila seedlings, and accompanied by reduction in cholorophyll content that exhibited very significant negative relationships with total soluble sugar, starch and total non structural carbohydrate. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:37:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-23703 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:37:11Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-237032015-09-23T01:46:49Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23703/ Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz Jaafar, Hawa Z. E. A split plot 3 by 3 experiment was designed to investigate and distinguish the relationships among production of primary metabolites (soluble sugar and starch), secondary metabolites (total phenolics, TP; total flavonoids, TF) and leaf gas exchange of three varieties of the Malaysian medicinal herb Labisia pumila Blume, namely the varieties alata, pumila and lanceolata, under three levels of CO2 enrichment (400, 800 and 1,200 μmol mol -1) for 15 weeks. The treatment effects were solely contributed by CO2 enrichment levels; no varietal differences were observed. As CO2 levels increased from 400 to 1,200 μmol mol-1, the production of carbohydrates also increased steadily, especially for starch more than soluble sugar (sucrose). TF and TP content, simultaneously, reached their peaks under 1,200 μmol exposure, followed by 800 and 400 μmol mol -1. Net photosynthesis (A) and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (fv/fm) were also enhanced as CO2 increased from 400 to 1,200 μmol mol-1. Leaf gas exchange characteristics displayed a significant positive relationship with the production of secondary metabolites and carbohydrate contents. The increase in production of TP and TFs were manifested by high C/N ratio and low protein content in L. pumila seedlings, and accompanied by reduction in cholorophyll content that exhibited very significant negative relationships with total soluble sugar, starch and total non structural carbohydrate. MDPI 2011 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23703/1/Enhancement%20of%20leaf%20gas%20exchange%20and%20primary%20metabolites%20under%20carbon%20dioxide%20enrichment%20up.pdf Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz and Jaafar, Hawa Z. E. (2011) Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. Molecules, 16 (5). pp. 3761-3777. ISSN 1420-3049 http://www.mdpi.com/ 10.3390/molecules16053761 English |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim, Mohd Hafiz Jaafar, Hawa Z. E. Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. |
| title | Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. |
| title_full | Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. |
| title_short | Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. |
| title_sort | enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in labisia pumila seedlings. |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23703/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23703/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23703/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23703/1/Enhancement%20of%20leaf%20gas%20exchange%20and%20primary%20metabolites%20under%20carbon%20dioxide%20enrichment%20up.pdf |