Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts
With an increasing population and economic development, fuel from renewable resources needs to be widely explored in order to fulfill the future energy demand. In the present study, biodiesel from maize oil using transesterification reactions with methanol and ethanol was evaluated in the presence o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas
2012
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23291/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23291/1/Comparative%20study%20of%20the%20methanolysis%20and%20ethanolysis%20of%20maize%20oils%20using%20alkaline%20catalysts.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848844716638994432 |
|---|---|
| author | Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, M. Ali, S. Adil, M. Hina, Saira Bukhari, Iftikhar Hussain Yunus, Robiah |
| author_facet | Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, M. Ali, S. Adil, M. Hina, Saira Bukhari, Iftikhar Hussain Yunus, Robiah |
| author_sort | Rashid, Umer |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | With an increasing population and economic development, fuel from renewable resources needs to be widely explored in order to fulfill the future energy demand. In the present study, biodiesel from maize oil using transesterification reactions with methanol and ethanol was evaluated in the presence of NaOCH3, KOCH3, NaOCH2CH3, KOCH2CH3, NaOH and KOH as catalysts. The influence of reaction variables such as the alcohol to oil molar ratio (3:1-15:1), catalyst concentration (0.25-1.50%) and reaction time (20-120 min) to achieve the maximum yield was determined at fixed reaction temperatures. The optimized variables in the case of methanolysis were 6:1 methanol to oil molar ratio (mol/ mol), 0.75% sodium methoxide concentration (wt%) and 90 min reaction time at 65°C, which produced a yield of 97.1% methyl esters. A 9:1 ethanol to oil molar ratio (mol/mol), 1.00% sodium ethoxide concentration (wt%) and 120 min reaction time at 75°C were found to produce the maximum ethyl ester yield of up to 85%. The methanolysis of maize oil was depicted more rapidly as compared to the ethanolysis of maize oil. Gas chromatography of the produced biodiesel from maize oil showed high levels of linoleic acid (up to 50.89%) followed by oleic acid (up to 36.00%), palmitic acid (up to 9.98%), oleic acid (up to 1.80%) and linolenic acid (up to 0.98%). The obtained fatty acid esters were further analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to ensure the completion of transesterification. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesels i.e. kinematic viscosity, cetane number, oxidative stability, pour point, cloud point, cold filter plugging point, ash content, flash point, acid value, sulfur content, higher heating value, density, methanol content, free glycerol and bound glycerol were determined. The analyses were performed using the FTIR method and the results were compared to the biodiesel standards ASTM and EN. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:35:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-23291 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:35:21Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-232912015-11-13T01:54:20Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23291/ Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, M. Ali, S. Adil, M. Hina, Saira Bukhari, Iftikhar Hussain Yunus, Robiah With an increasing population and economic development, fuel from renewable resources needs to be widely explored in order to fulfill the future energy demand. In the present study, biodiesel from maize oil using transesterification reactions with methanol and ethanol was evaluated in the presence of NaOCH3, KOCH3, NaOCH2CH3, KOCH2CH3, NaOH and KOH as catalysts. The influence of reaction variables such as the alcohol to oil molar ratio (3:1-15:1), catalyst concentration (0.25-1.50%) and reaction time (20-120 min) to achieve the maximum yield was determined at fixed reaction temperatures. The optimized variables in the case of methanolysis were 6:1 methanol to oil molar ratio (mol/ mol), 0.75% sodium methoxide concentration (wt%) and 90 min reaction time at 65°C, which produced a yield of 97.1% methyl esters. A 9:1 ethanol to oil molar ratio (mol/mol), 1.00% sodium ethoxide concentration (wt%) and 120 min reaction time at 75°C were found to produce the maximum ethyl ester yield of up to 85%. The methanolysis of maize oil was depicted more rapidly as compared to the ethanolysis of maize oil. Gas chromatography of the produced biodiesel from maize oil showed high levels of linoleic acid (up to 50.89%) followed by oleic acid (up to 36.00%), palmitic acid (up to 9.98%), oleic acid (up to 1.80%) and linolenic acid (up to 0.98%). The obtained fatty acid esters were further analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to ensure the completion of transesterification. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesels i.e. kinematic viscosity, cetane number, oxidative stability, pour point, cloud point, cold filter plugging point, ash content, flash point, acid value, sulfur content, higher heating value, density, methanol content, free glycerol and bound glycerol were determined. The analyses were performed using the FTIR method and the results were compared to the biodiesel standards ASTM and EN. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas 2012 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23291/1/Comparative%20study%20of%20the%20methanolysis%20and%20ethanolysis%20of%20maize%20oils%20using%20alkaline%20catalysts.pdf Rashid, Umer and Ibrahim, M. and Ali, S. and Adil, M. and Hina, Saira and Bukhari, Iftikhar Hussain and Yunus, Robiah (2012) Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts. Grasas y Aceites, 63 (1). pp. 35-43. ISSN 0017-3495; ESSN: 1988-4214 http://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/viewArticle/1352 10.3989/gya.06891 |
| spellingShingle | Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, M. Ali, S. Adil, M. Hina, Saira Bukhari, Iftikhar Hussain Yunus, Robiah Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts |
| title | Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts |
| title_full | Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts |
| title_fullStr | Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts |
| title_short | Comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts |
| title_sort | comparative study of the methanolysis and ethanolysis of maize oils using alkaline catalysts |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23291/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23291/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23291/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23291/1/Comparative%20study%20of%20the%20methanolysis%20and%20ethanolysis%20of%20maize%20oils%20using%20alkaline%20catalysts.pdf |