Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants
Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Engkabang (Shorea macrophylla) and Acacia mangium particleboards, which were treated with zinc borate (ZBr) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP), were investigated in this study. Ten percent of the fire retardants were incorporated into the particleboards in powde...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Putra Malaysia Press
2012
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17962/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17962/1/70.%20Fire%20Resistance%20and%20Reaction-To-Fire%20of%20Shorea%20macrophylla.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848843387998830592 |
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| author | Kamal, Izran Koh, Mok Poh Tan, Yu Eng Abood, Faizah Ashaari, Zaidon Puteh, Nordin |
| author_facet | Kamal, Izran Koh, Mok Poh Tan, Yu Eng Abood, Faizah Ashaari, Zaidon Puteh, Nordin |
| author_sort | Kamal, Izran |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Engkabang (Shorea macrophylla) and Acacia mangium particleboards, which were treated with zinc borate (ZBr) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP), were investigated in this study. Ten percent of the fire retardants were incorporated into the particleboards in powder form during resin-particle mixing process. The fire resistance of the boards was assessed using insulation and integrity failures. Meanwhile, reaction-to-fire was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the fire retardants to delay ignition and reduce weight loss. The study showed that ZBr was excellent in improving insulation and integrity failures of the boards as compared to MAP. Zinc borate delayed the increase of unexposed face temperature up to 18 min and reduced the weight loss down to 0.57% (ZBr-treated A. mangium), but MAP was shown to be better than ZBr in delaying ignition (i.e. up to 41s for A. mangium and 20s for S. macrophylla). The ineffectiveness of the fire retardants to reduce weight loss of the boards (MAP-treated and ZBr-treated S. macrophylla and MAP-treated A. mangium might be due to leaching and volatization of phosphoric acid and boric acid in the formulations of the particleboards which would then cause the chemical loading to be lower than the actual chemical loading. It is suggested to extend the research especially in determining the chemical loading of each treated boards during and after they are exposed to fire. This is essential to prove the claim that chemical loading is decreased due to the leaching of phosphoric acid and volatization of boric acid. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:14:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-17962 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Universiti Putra Malaysia Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-179622015-11-23T08:34:59Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17962/ Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants Kamal, Izran Koh, Mok Poh Tan, Yu Eng Abood, Faizah Ashaari, Zaidon Puteh, Nordin Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Engkabang (Shorea macrophylla) and Acacia mangium particleboards, which were treated with zinc borate (ZBr) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP), were investigated in this study. Ten percent of the fire retardants were incorporated into the particleboards in powder form during resin-particle mixing process. The fire resistance of the boards was assessed using insulation and integrity failures. Meanwhile, reaction-to-fire was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the fire retardants to delay ignition and reduce weight loss. The study showed that ZBr was excellent in improving insulation and integrity failures of the boards as compared to MAP. Zinc borate delayed the increase of unexposed face temperature up to 18 min and reduced the weight loss down to 0.57% (ZBr-treated A. mangium), but MAP was shown to be better than ZBr in delaying ignition (i.e. up to 41s for A. mangium and 20s for S. macrophylla). The ineffectiveness of the fire retardants to reduce weight loss of the boards (MAP-treated and ZBr-treated S. macrophylla and MAP-treated A. mangium might be due to leaching and volatization of phosphoric acid and boric acid in the formulations of the particleboards which would then cause the chemical loading to be lower than the actual chemical loading. It is suggested to extend the research especially in determining the chemical loading of each treated boards during and after they are exposed to fire. This is essential to prove the claim that chemical loading is decreased due to the leaching of phosphoric acid and volatization of boric acid. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press 2012 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17962/1/70.%20Fire%20Resistance%20and%20Reaction-To-Fire%20of%20Shorea%20macrophylla.pdf Kamal, Izran and Koh, Mok Poh and Tan, Yu Eng and Abood, Faizah and Ashaari, Zaidon and Puteh, Nordin (2012) Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 35 (4). pp. 755-766. ISSN 1511-3701; ESSN: 2231-8542 http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/Pertanika%20PAPERS/JTAS%20Vol.%2035%20(4)%20Nov.%202012/06%20Page%20755-766.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Kamal, Izran Koh, Mok Poh Tan, Yu Eng Abood, Faizah Ashaari, Zaidon Puteh, Nordin Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants |
| title | Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants |
| title_full | Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants |
| title_fullStr | Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants |
| title_short | Fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of Shorea macrophylla and Acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants |
| title_sort | fire resistance and reaction-to-fire of shorea macrophylla and acacia mangium particleboards treated with boron and phosphorous-based fire retardants |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17962/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17962/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17962/1/70.%20Fire%20Resistance%20and%20Reaction-To-Fire%20of%20Shorea%20macrophylla.pdf |