Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores.
Forty seven sediment cores recovered from the South China Sea coasts along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia were analysed for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results indicate a homogeneous distribution except for As and Pb in all stations....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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University of Tehran
2010
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17595/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17595/1/Vertical%20distribution%20of%20heavy%20metals%20and%20enrichment%20in%20the%20South%20China%20Sea%20sediment%20cores.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848843284775960576 |
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| author | Ebrahim Saraee, Khadijeh Rezaee Saion, Elias Yap, Chee Kong Abdi, Mohammad Reza Alireza, Riyahi Bakhtiari |
| author_facet | Ebrahim Saraee, Khadijeh Rezaee Saion, Elias Yap, Chee Kong Abdi, Mohammad Reza Alireza, Riyahi Bakhtiari |
| author_sort | Ebrahim Saraee, Khadijeh Rezaee |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Forty seven sediment cores recovered from the South China Sea coasts along the east coast of
Peninsular Malaysia were analysed for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn using instrumental neutron activation
analysis. The results indicate a homogeneous distribution except for As and Pb in all stations. Assessment of
heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations to
act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Primitive values for the cored sediments
were determined from shale average metal. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination
factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree
of contamination is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants,
including various organic species, and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than
an absolute summation number. Comparative data for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree
of contamination show that the South China Sea sediments are in uncontaminated to moderately contaminated
level of heavy metal contamination. Compared to obtained values the Kelantan and Pahang big rivers mouth
show higher enrichment averaged across other sites. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:12:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-17595 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:12:35Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | University of Tehran |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-175952015-09-14T00:44:16Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17595/ Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores. Ebrahim Saraee, Khadijeh Rezaee Saion, Elias Yap, Chee Kong Abdi, Mohammad Reza Alireza, Riyahi Bakhtiari Forty seven sediment cores recovered from the South China Sea coasts along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia were analysed for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results indicate a homogeneous distribution except for As and Pb in all stations. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations to act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Primitive values for the cored sediments were determined from shale average metal. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree of contamination is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants, including various organic species, and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than an absolute summation number. Comparative data for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that the South China Sea sediments are in uncontaminated to moderately contaminated level of heavy metal contamination. Compared to obtained values the Kelantan and Pahang big rivers mouth show higher enrichment averaged across other sites. University of Tehran 2010 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17595/1/Vertical%20distribution%20of%20heavy%20metals%20and%20enrichment%20in%20the%20South%20China%20Sea%20sediment%20cores.pdf Ebrahim Saraee, Khadijeh Rezaee and Saion, Elias and Yap, Chee Kong and Abdi, Mohammad Reza and Alireza, Riyahi Bakhtiari (2010) Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores. International Journal of Environmental Research, 4 (4). pp. 877-886. ISSN 1735-6865 http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/108220100433.pdf Heavy metals - Environmental aspects - South China Sea Marine pollution - South China Sea Contaminated sediments - South China Sea English |
| spellingShingle | Heavy metals - Environmental aspects - South China Sea Marine pollution - South China Sea Contaminated sediments - South China Sea Ebrahim Saraee, Khadijeh Rezaee Saion, Elias Yap, Chee Kong Abdi, Mohammad Reza Alireza, Riyahi Bakhtiari Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores. |
| title | Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores. |
| title_full | Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores. |
| title_fullStr | Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores. |
| title_short | Vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the South China Sea sediment cores. |
| title_sort | vertical distribution of heavy metals and enrichment in the south china sea sediment cores. |
| topic | Heavy metals - Environmental aspects - South China Sea Marine pollution - South China Sea Contaminated sediments - South China Sea |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17595/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17595/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17595/1/Vertical%20distribution%20of%20heavy%20metals%20and%20enrichment%20in%20the%20South%20China%20Sea%20sediment%20cores.pdf |