Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate
Methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD-ME) can be used for producing epoxide compounds. PFADME consists of 39.3% of oleic acid (C18:1) and has an iodine value of 49.2 g I2/100 g. It can be converted to a low oxirane content epoxide which can be used for several applications, such as plasti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Malaysian Palm Oil Board
2009
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15990/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15990/1/Optimization%20of%20the%20epoxidation%20of%20methyl%20ester%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848842834583486464 |
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| author | Lee, P. L. Wan Yunus, Wan Md. Zin Yeong, Shoot Kian Abdullah, Dzulkefly Kuang Lim, Wen Huei |
| author_facet | Lee, P. L. Wan Yunus, Wan Md. Zin Yeong, Shoot Kian Abdullah, Dzulkefly Kuang Lim, Wen Huei |
| author_sort | Lee, P. L. |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD-ME) can be used for producing epoxide compounds. PFADME consists of 39.3% of oleic acid (C18:1) and has an iodine value of 49.2 g I2/100 g. It can be converted to a low oxirane content epoxide which can be used for several applications, such as plasticizers, polyols or alkanolamines, with appropriate modification. Temperature, mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation, and mole ratio of formic acid to unsaturation were optimized in the epoxidation of PFAD-ME. The study showed that more than 98% conversion of unsaturation to the epoxide ring moiety can be achieved within 3 hr of reaction by using the optimum molar ratio of 1:1:4 (unsaturation: formic acid: hydrogen peroxide) and a temperature of 50°C. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:05:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-15990 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T08:05:26Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | Malaysian Palm Oil Board |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-159902019-11-25T08:15:37Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15990/ Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate Lee, P. L. Wan Yunus, Wan Md. Zin Yeong, Shoot Kian Abdullah, Dzulkefly Kuang Lim, Wen Huei Methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD-ME) can be used for producing epoxide compounds. PFADME consists of 39.3% of oleic acid (C18:1) and has an iodine value of 49.2 g I2/100 g. It can be converted to a low oxirane content epoxide which can be used for several applications, such as plasticizers, polyols or alkanolamines, with appropriate modification. Temperature, mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation, and mole ratio of formic acid to unsaturation were optimized in the epoxidation of PFAD-ME. The study showed that more than 98% conversion of unsaturation to the epoxide ring moiety can be achieved within 3 hr of reaction by using the optimum molar ratio of 1:1:4 (unsaturation: formic acid: hydrogen peroxide) and a temperature of 50°C. Malaysian Palm Oil Board 2009-12 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15990/1/Optimization%20of%20the%20epoxidation%20of%20methyl%20ester%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate.pdf Lee, P. L. and Wan Yunus, Wan Md. Zin and Yeong, Shoot Kian and Abdullah, Dzulkefly Kuang and Lim, Wen Huei (2009) Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 21. pp. 675-682. ISSN 1511-2780 http://jopr.mpob.gov.my/optimization-of-the-epoxidation-of-methyl-ester-of-palm-fatty-acid-distillate/ |
| spellingShingle | Lee, P. L. Wan Yunus, Wan Md. Zin Yeong, Shoot Kian Abdullah, Dzulkefly Kuang Lim, Wen Huei Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate |
| title | Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate |
| title_full | Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate |
| title_short | Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate |
| title_sort | optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15990/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15990/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/15990/1/Optimization%20of%20the%20epoxidation%20of%20methyl%20ester%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate.pdf |