Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water.
Faecal sterols detection is a promising method for identifying sources of faecal pollution. In this study, faecal contamination in water samples from point source (sewage treatment plants, chicken farms, quail farms and horse stables) was extracted using the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique. F...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2009
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13583/ |
| _version_ | 1848842152235237376 |
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| author | Saim, Norashikin Osman, Rozita Abg Spian, Dayang Ratena Sari Jaafar, Mohd Zuli Juahir, Hafizan Abdullah, Md Pauzi Ab Ghani, Fuzziawati |
| author_facet | Saim, Norashikin Osman, Rozita Abg Spian, Dayang Ratena Sari Jaafar, Mohd Zuli Juahir, Hafizan Abdullah, Md Pauzi Ab Ghani, Fuzziawati |
| author_sort | Saim, Norashikin |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Faecal sterols detection is a promising method for identifying sources of faecal pollution. In this study, faecal contamination in water samples from point source (sewage treatment plants, chicken farms, quail farms and horse stables) was extracted using the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique. Faecal sterols (coprostanol, cholesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and stigmastanol) were selected as parameters to differentiate the source of faecal pollution. The results indicated that coprostanol, cholesterol and β-sitosterol were the most significant parameters that can be used as source tracers for faecal contamination. Chemometric techniques, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were applied to the data set on faecal contamination in water from various pollution sources in order to validate the faecal sterols’ profiles. Cluster analysis generated three clusters: coprostanol was in cluster 1, cholesterol and β-sitosterol formed cluster 2, while cluster 3 contained stigmasterol and stigmastanol. Discriminant analysis suggested that coprostanol, cholesterol and β-sitosterol were the most significant parameters to discriminate between the faecal pollution source. The use of chemometric techniques provides useful and promising indicators in tracing the source of faecal contamination. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T07:54:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-13583 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T07:54:35Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-135832013-11-06T05:03:13Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13583/ Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. Saim, Norashikin Osman, Rozita Abg Spian, Dayang Ratena Sari Jaafar, Mohd Zuli Juahir, Hafizan Abdullah, Md Pauzi Ab Ghani, Fuzziawati Faecal sterols detection is a promising method for identifying sources of faecal pollution. In this study, faecal contamination in water samples from point source (sewage treatment plants, chicken farms, quail farms and horse stables) was extracted using the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique. Faecal sterols (coprostanol, cholesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and stigmastanol) were selected as parameters to differentiate the source of faecal pollution. The results indicated that coprostanol, cholesterol and β-sitosterol were the most significant parameters that can be used as source tracers for faecal contamination. Chemometric techniques, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were applied to the data set on faecal contamination in water from various pollution sources in order to validate the faecal sterols’ profiles. Cluster analysis generated three clusters: coprostanol was in cluster 1, cholesterol and β-sitosterol formed cluster 2, while cluster 3 contained stigmasterol and stigmastanol. Discriminant analysis suggested that coprostanol, cholesterol and β-sitosterol were the most significant parameters to discriminate between the faecal pollution source. The use of chemometric techniques provides useful and promising indicators in tracing the source of faecal contamination. Elsevier 2009-12 Article PeerReviewed Saim, Norashikin and Osman, Rozita and Abg Spian, Dayang Ratena Sari and Jaafar, Mohd Zuli and Juahir, Hafizan and Abdullah, Md Pauzi and Ab Ghani, Fuzziawati (2009) Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. Water Research, 43 (20). pp. 5023-5030. ISSN 0043-1354 10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.052 English |
| spellingShingle | Saim, Norashikin Osman, Rozita Abg Spian, Dayang Ratena Sari Jaafar, Mohd Zuli Juahir, Hafizan Abdullah, Md Pauzi Ab Ghani, Fuzziawati Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. |
| title | Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. |
| title_full | Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. |
| title_fullStr | Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. |
| title_short | Chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. |
| title_sort | chemometric approach to validating faecal sterols as source tracer for faecal contamination in water. |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13583/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/13583/ |