Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method
This study was conducted to investigate the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles from iron sand collected from the Bah Bolon River in Indonesia, using the coprecipitation method with NaOH and NH4OH as precipitants. The results showed that based on SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy coupled with e...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies,Mahidol University
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121119/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121119/1/121119.pdf |
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| author | Duma, Tulus Na Humaidi, Syahrul Frida, Erna Awang Kechik, Mohd. Mustafa Hamid, Muhammadin Rianna, Martha Novita, . Banurea, Rahmadhani Mohd Yusof, Norazimah Azman, Nur Jannah |
| author_facet | Duma, Tulus Na Humaidi, Syahrul Frida, Erna Awang Kechik, Mohd. Mustafa Hamid, Muhammadin Rianna, Martha Novita, . Banurea, Rahmadhani Mohd Yusof, Norazimah Azman, Nur Jannah |
| author_sort | Duma, Tulus Na |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study was conducted to investigate the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles from iron sand collected from the Bah Bolon River in Indonesia, using the coprecipitation method with NaOH and NH4OH as precipitants. The results showed that based on SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) analysis, the Fe content of the raw iron sand, initially at 34.76%, increased to 45.50% following synthesis with NH4OH, indicating enhanced purity in the final product. SEM observations found average particle sizes of approximately 53 nm for nanoparticles synthesized with NaOH and 20 nm for those synthesized with NH4OH. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles retain the magnetite (Fe3O4) phase with a face-centered cubic (FCC) spinel structure. Crystallite size calculations using the Scherrer equation yielded average crystallite sizes of 80.194 nm for NaOH-synthesized samples and 15.124 nm for NH4OH-synthesized samples, demonstrating that NH4OH favors the formation of smaller crystallites. Lattice strain analysis through the Williamson-Hall method showed positive tensile strain values for all samples, indicating structural tension within the crystal lattice. The NH4OH-synthesized nanoparticles had slightly higher lattice strain, suggesting that synthesis conditions impact both crystallite size and lattice tension. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that NH4OH was more effective than NaOH in producing high-purity, small-crystallite magnetite nanoparticles from natural iron sand, with potential implications for enhanced material properties. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:50:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-121119 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:50:08Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies,Mahidol University |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1211192025-10-28T00:18:27Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121119/ Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method Duma, Tulus Na Humaidi, Syahrul Frida, Erna Awang Kechik, Mohd. Mustafa Hamid, Muhammadin Rianna, Martha Novita, . Banurea, Rahmadhani Mohd Yusof, Norazimah Azman, Nur Jannah This study was conducted to investigate the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles from iron sand collected from the Bah Bolon River in Indonesia, using the coprecipitation method with NaOH and NH4OH as precipitants. The results showed that based on SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) analysis, the Fe content of the raw iron sand, initially at 34.76%, increased to 45.50% following synthesis with NH4OH, indicating enhanced purity in the final product. SEM observations found average particle sizes of approximately 53 nm for nanoparticles synthesized with NaOH and 20 nm for those synthesized with NH4OH. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles retain the magnetite (Fe3O4) phase with a face-centered cubic (FCC) spinel structure. Crystallite size calculations using the Scherrer equation yielded average crystallite sizes of 80.194 nm for NaOH-synthesized samples and 15.124 nm for NH4OH-synthesized samples, demonstrating that NH4OH favors the formation of smaller crystallites. Lattice strain analysis through the Williamson-Hall method showed positive tensile strain values for all samples, indicating structural tension within the crystal lattice. The NH4OH-synthesized nanoparticles had slightly higher lattice strain, suggesting that synthesis conditions impact both crystallite size and lattice tension. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that NH4OH was more effective than NaOH in producing high-purity, small-crystallite magnetite nanoparticles from natural iron sand, with potential implications for enhanced material properties. Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies,Mahidol University 2025-01-14 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121119/1/121119.pdf Duma, Tulus Na and Humaidi, Syahrul and Frida, Erna and Awang Kechik, Mohd. Mustafa and Hamid, Muhammadin and Rianna, Martha and Novita, . and Banurea, Rahmadhani and Mohd Yusof, Norazimah and Azman, Nur Jannah (2025) Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 23 (1). pp. 95-104. ISSN 1686-5456; eISSN: 2408-2384 https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/254090 10.32526/ennrj/23/20240141 |
| spellingShingle | Duma, Tulus Na Humaidi, Syahrul Frida, Erna Awang Kechik, Mohd. Mustafa Hamid, Muhammadin Rianna, Martha Novita, . Banurea, Rahmadhani Mohd Yusof, Norazimah Azman, Nur Jannah Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method |
| title | Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method |
| title_full | Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method |
| title_fullStr | Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method |
| title_short | Study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method |
| title_sort | study of crystal structure, lattice strain, and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121119/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121119/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121119/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121119/1/121119.pdf |