Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities
The present research explores the application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) of hesperidin (HSP) from grapefruit peel (GFP) while using silica-supported ionic liquids (ILs) as a stationary phase. The ILs [Et3NH][HSO4], Benzalkonium chloride, and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121052/1/121052.pdf |
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| author | Waheed, Ammara Akram, Sumia Waseem, Faizan Iqbal, Asif Ashraf, Rizwan Anwar, Farooq Ismail, Sarang Mushtaq, Muhammad Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad |
| author_facet | Waheed, Ammara Akram, Sumia Waseem, Faizan Iqbal, Asif Ashraf, Rizwan Anwar, Farooq Ismail, Sarang Mushtaq, Muhammad Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad |
| author_sort | Waheed, Ammara |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The present research explores the application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) of hesperidin (HSP) from grapefruit peel (GFP) while using silica-supported ionic liquids (ILs) as a stationary phase. The ILs [Et3NH][HSO4], Benzalkonium chloride, and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride were immobilised on mesoporous silica support of particle size 150 micron. The parameters were optimised for the preparation of crude extracts. The extraction of GFP with a 50-mesh particle size using 1:1 (v/v) of 1% (v/v) acidified methanol (glacial acetic acid) and DMSO for 80 min at a liquid to solid ratio of 20 and 350 rpm shaking speed produced 18 g of crude extract/100 g of GFP. After using silica-supported IL as the stationary phase in a DLLME-based clean-up, an extract with 0.54 mg of HSP/g of crude extract was obtained upon elution with DMSO. Remarkably, 0.80 μg of HSP/g of crude extract was similarly recovered when IL was used as an eluent against a non-polar stationary phase. An enrichment factor for HSP equivalent to 2.1–3.4 was obtained by employing [Et3NH][HSO4] as a mobile phase against mesoporous silica or as a stationary phase supported on mesoporous silica. The findings support the great potential of silica-supported ILs as the stationary phase for DLLME. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:49:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-121052 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:49:56Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1210522025-10-23T07:41:44Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121052/ Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities Waheed, Ammara Akram, Sumia Waseem, Faizan Iqbal, Asif Ashraf, Rizwan Anwar, Farooq Ismail, Sarang Mushtaq, Muhammad Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad The present research explores the application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) of hesperidin (HSP) from grapefruit peel (GFP) while using silica-supported ionic liquids (ILs) as a stationary phase. The ILs [Et3NH][HSO4], Benzalkonium chloride, and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride were immobilised on mesoporous silica support of particle size 150 micron. The parameters were optimised for the preparation of crude extracts. The extraction of GFP with a 50-mesh particle size using 1:1 (v/v) of 1% (v/v) acidified methanol (glacial acetic acid) and DMSO for 80 min at a liquid to solid ratio of 20 and 350 rpm shaking speed produced 18 g of crude extract/100 g of GFP. After using silica-supported IL as the stationary phase in a DLLME-based clean-up, an extract with 0.54 mg of HSP/g of crude extract was obtained upon elution with DMSO. Remarkably, 0.80 μg of HSP/g of crude extract was similarly recovered when IL was used as an eluent against a non-polar stationary phase. An enrichment factor for HSP equivalent to 2.1–3.4 was obtained by employing [Et3NH][HSO4] as a mobile phase against mesoporous silica or as a stationary phase supported on mesoporous silica. The findings support the great potential of silica-supported ILs as the stationary phase for DLLME. Oxford University Press 2025-03-21 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121052/1/121052.pdf Waheed, Ammara and Akram, Sumia and Waseem, Faizan and Iqbal, Asif and Ashraf, Rizwan and Anwar, Farooq and Ismail, Sarang and Mushtaq, Muhammad and Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar and Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad (2025) Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 60 (1). art. no. vvaf070. pp. 1-13. ISSN 0950-5423; eISSN: 1365-2621 https://academic.oup.com/ijfst/article/doi/10.1093/ijfood/vvaf070/8089747 10.1093/ijfood/vvaf070 |
| spellingShingle | Waheed, Ammara Akram, Sumia Waseem, Faizan Iqbal, Asif Ashraf, Rizwan Anwar, Farooq Ismail, Sarang Mushtaq, Muhammad Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities |
| title | Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities |
| title_full | Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities |
| title_fullStr | Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities |
| title_short | Silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities |
| title_sort | silica-supported ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction of grapefruit peel flavonoid (hesperidin) and assessment of its antioxidant activities |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121052/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121052/1/121052.pdf |