Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Various physical training programs are widely used to enhance vertical jump height, but their relative effectiveness remains de-bated. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate effectiveness of four training methods-weight resistance, plyometric, complex, and routine training-on vertical jum...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Journal of Sport Science and Medicine
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121038/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121038/1/121038.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848868279252156416 |
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| author | Ma, Shuzhen Xu, Yanqi Xu, Simao |
| author_facet | Ma, Shuzhen Xu, Yanqi Xu, Simao |
| author_sort | Ma, Shuzhen |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Various physical training programs are widely used to enhance vertical jump height, but their relative effectiveness remains de-bated. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate effectiveness of four training methods-weight resistance, plyometric, complex, and routine training-on vertical jump height. A comprehensive search of six databases (PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Scopus) identified rel-evant studies coded based on training type, modality, and out-come measures. Methodological quality and statistical analysis were assessed using PEDro scale and R (version 4.1.3) with the 'meta' package. Eight studies revealed that plyometric training and weight resistance exercise increased vertical jump by 5.2 cm (95% CI: 2.6, 7.7 cm; I² = 4.7%) and 9.9 cm (95% CI: 6.7, 13.5 cm; I² = 0.0%), while improved squat jump by 1.5 cm (95% CI: 0.2, 2.6 cm; I² = 0.0%) and 3.1 cm (95% CI: 0.2, 2.6 cm; I² = 16.9%) compared to routine training. Fifteen studies indicated that plyometric training, weight resistance exercise, and complex training increased countermovement jump by 2.0 cm (95% CI: 1.4, 3.7 cm; I² = 0.0%), 2.2 cm (95% CI: 1.4, 3.7 cm; I² = 0.0%), and 5.0 cm (95% CI: 2.5, 7.6 cm; I² = 0.0%) compared to routine training. Complex training was more effective than weight resistance (2.6 cm; 95% CI: 0.2, 5.5 cm) and plyometric training (2.9 cm; 95% CI: 0.2, 5.8 cm), with no significant difference between weight resistance and plyometric training (0.2 cm; 95% CI:-1.0, 2.0 cm). Heterogeneity was low for most comparisons (I² = 0.0% to 16.9%), indicating consistent results across different in-terventions. This meta-analysis demonstrates that plyometric, weight resistance, and complex training significantly improve vertical, squat, and countermovement jump performance. Weight resistance is effective for vertical and stationary vertical jumps, while complex training is most effective for countermovement jumps. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:49:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-121038 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:49:52Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Journal of Sport Science and Medicine |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1210382025-10-23T00:16:49Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121038/ Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis Ma, Shuzhen Xu, Yanqi Xu, Simao Various physical training programs are widely used to enhance vertical jump height, but their relative effectiveness remains de-bated. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate effectiveness of four training methods-weight resistance, plyometric, complex, and routine training-on vertical jump height. A comprehensive search of six databases (PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Scopus) identified rel-evant studies coded based on training type, modality, and out-come measures. Methodological quality and statistical analysis were assessed using PEDro scale and R (version 4.1.3) with the 'meta' package. Eight studies revealed that plyometric training and weight resistance exercise increased vertical jump by 5.2 cm (95% CI: 2.6, 7.7 cm; I² = 4.7%) and 9.9 cm (95% CI: 6.7, 13.5 cm; I² = 0.0%), while improved squat jump by 1.5 cm (95% CI: 0.2, 2.6 cm; I² = 0.0%) and 3.1 cm (95% CI: 0.2, 2.6 cm; I² = 16.9%) compared to routine training. Fifteen studies indicated that plyometric training, weight resistance exercise, and complex training increased countermovement jump by 2.0 cm (95% CI: 1.4, 3.7 cm; I² = 0.0%), 2.2 cm (95% CI: 1.4, 3.7 cm; I² = 0.0%), and 5.0 cm (95% CI: 2.5, 7.6 cm; I² = 0.0%) compared to routine training. Complex training was more effective than weight resistance (2.6 cm; 95% CI: 0.2, 5.5 cm) and plyometric training (2.9 cm; 95% CI: 0.2, 5.8 cm), with no significant difference between weight resistance and plyometric training (0.2 cm; 95% CI:-1.0, 2.0 cm). Heterogeneity was low for most comparisons (I² = 0.0% to 16.9%), indicating consistent results across different in-terventions. This meta-analysis demonstrates that plyometric, weight resistance, and complex training significantly improve vertical, squat, and countermovement jump performance. Weight resistance is effective for vertical and stationary vertical jumps, while complex training is most effective for countermovement jumps. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121038/1/121038.pdf Ma, Shuzhen and Xu, Yanqi and Xu, Simao (2025) Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 24 (2). pp. 236-257. ISSN 1303-2968 https://www.jssm.org/jssm-24-236.xml%3EFulltext 10.52082/jssm.2025.236 |
| spellingShingle | Ma, Shuzhen Xu, Yanqi Xu, Simao Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title | Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_full | Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_short | Effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_sort | effects of physical training programs on healthy athletes’ vertical jump height: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121038/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121038/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121038/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121038/1/121038.pdf |