Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet)
The higher demand for the use of bio-jet fuel (BJF) in the aviation industry is one alternative to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the environment. Malaysia is rich in palm oil resources and palm kernel oil (PKO) which contain about 48% lauric acid (C12), can be use as a feedstock for BJF...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2025
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120880/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120880/1/120880.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848868236685213696 |
|---|---|
| author | Mijan, Nurul Asikin Yi, Megan Xin Ravindran, Ravindran Adzahar, Nur Athirah Auji, Muhammad Hasif Muaallamin, Ilya Natasha Alsultan Ghassan, AbdulKareem Lee, Hwei Voon Ong, Hwai Chuan Derawi, Darfizzi Mastuli, Mohd Sufri Marliza, Tengku Sharifah |
| author_facet | Mijan, Nurul Asikin Yi, Megan Xin Ravindran, Ravindran Adzahar, Nur Athirah Auji, Muhammad Hasif Muaallamin, Ilya Natasha Alsultan Ghassan, AbdulKareem Lee, Hwei Voon Ong, Hwai Chuan Derawi, Darfizzi Mastuli, Mohd Sufri Marliza, Tengku Sharifah |
| author_sort | Mijan, Nurul Asikin |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The higher demand for the use of bio-jet fuel (BJF) in the aviation industry is one alternative to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the environment. Malaysia is rich in palm oil resources and palm kernel oil (PKO) which contain about 48% lauric acid (C12), can be use as a feedstock for BJF production. There are two methods to convert lauric acid to BJF, namely the catalytic deoxygenation (DO) method and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) method. DO can convert lauric acid to BJF through the reactions without hydrogen (H2) involving decarboxylation/decarbonylation (deCOx) processes to remove oxygen, producing hydrocarbon chains and CO2 alongside byproducts such as carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H2O). Meanwhile, HDO converts lauric acid to BJF by removing oxygen in the form of H2O in the presence of H2. In this study, both DO and HDO methods were used to produce BJF using FeMo/AC catalyst. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using several characterization techniques such as XRD, FESEM-EDX, BET, TPD, and VSM. The effect of reaction temperature on the resulting products was studied to determine the reaction mechanisms for both methods. The liquid products obtained were characterized using GC-FID and GC-MS, while the gas products were characterized using GC-TCD. The results showed that the simulation mechanisms for both DO and HDO reactions for lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst is very effective where the reaction producing a variety of hydrocarbon species. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:49:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-120880 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:49:11Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1208802025-10-14T07:13:19Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120880/ Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet) Mijan, Nurul Asikin Yi, Megan Xin Ravindran, Ravindran Adzahar, Nur Athirah Auji, Muhammad Hasif Muaallamin, Ilya Natasha Alsultan Ghassan, AbdulKareem Lee, Hwei Voon Ong, Hwai Chuan Derawi, Darfizzi Mastuli, Mohd Sufri Marliza, Tengku Sharifah The higher demand for the use of bio-jet fuel (BJF) in the aviation industry is one alternative to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the environment. Malaysia is rich in palm oil resources and palm kernel oil (PKO) which contain about 48% lauric acid (C12), can be use as a feedstock for BJF production. There are two methods to convert lauric acid to BJF, namely the catalytic deoxygenation (DO) method and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) method. DO can convert lauric acid to BJF through the reactions without hydrogen (H2) involving decarboxylation/decarbonylation (deCOx) processes to remove oxygen, producing hydrocarbon chains and CO2 alongside byproducts such as carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H2O). Meanwhile, HDO converts lauric acid to BJF by removing oxygen in the form of H2O in the presence of H2. In this study, both DO and HDO methods were used to produce BJF using FeMo/AC catalyst. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using several characterization techniques such as XRD, FESEM-EDX, BET, TPD, and VSM. The effect of reaction temperature on the resulting products was studied to determine the reaction mechanisms for both methods. The liquid products obtained were characterized using GC-FID and GC-MS, while the gas products were characterized using GC-TCD. The results showed that the simulation mechanisms for both DO and HDO reactions for lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst is very effective where the reaction producing a variety of hydrocarbon species. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120880/1/120880.pdf Mijan, Nurul Asikin and Yi, Megan Xin and Ravindran, Ravindran and Adzahar, Nur Athirah and Auji, Muhammad Hasif and Muaallamin, Ilya Natasha and Alsultan Ghassan, AbdulKareem and Lee, Hwei Voon and Ong, Hwai Chuan and Derawi, Darfizzi and Mastuli, Mohd Sufri and Marliza, Tengku Sharifah (2025) Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet). Sains Malaysiana, 54 (5). pp. 1357-1373. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/pdf_files/SM-PDF-54-5-2025/13.pdf 10.17576/jsm-2025-5405-13 |
| spellingShingle | Mijan, Nurul Asikin Yi, Megan Xin Ravindran, Ravindran Adzahar, Nur Athirah Auji, Muhammad Hasif Muaallamin, Ilya Natasha Alsultan Ghassan, AbdulKareem Lee, Hwei Voon Ong, Hwai Chuan Derawi, Darfizzi Mastuli, Mohd Sufri Marliza, Tengku Sharifah Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet) |
| title | Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet) |
| title_full | Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet) |
| title_fullStr | Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet) |
| title_short | Determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet) |
| title_sort | determination of the mechanism of deoxygenation and hydropeneoxygenation of lauric acid using femo/ac catalyst for jet fuel production (penentuan mekanisme pendeoksigenan dan hidropendeoksigenan asid laurik menggunakan mangkin femo/ac untuk penghasilan biobahan api jet) |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120880/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120880/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120880/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120880/1/120880.pdf |