Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging
Developing sustainable packaging materials with enhanced mechanical strength and moisture resistance remains a pressing challenge. In this study, a self-reinforcing and recyclable film composed of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was fabricated through dynamic covalent cr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier B.V.
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120721/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120721/1/120721.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848868221928603648 |
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| author | Liu, Fengsong Wang, Zihan Cao, Yifang Tan, Tai Boon Fan, Yiting Ren, Jiahao Zou, Youning Chen, Ying Xie, Yijia Xiao, Xinglong |
| author_facet | Liu, Fengsong Wang, Zihan Cao, Yifang Tan, Tai Boon Fan, Yiting Ren, Jiahao Zou, Youning Chen, Ying Xie, Yijia Xiao, Xinglong |
| author_sort | Liu, Fengsong |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Developing sustainable packaging materials with enhanced mechanical strength and moisture resistance remains a pressing challenge. In this study, a self-reinforcing and recyclable film composed of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was fabricated through dynamic covalent crosslinking. The strategy involved the formation of amide bonds (-CONH-) between the -COOH groups of CMC and the -NH2 groups of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), thereby reinforcing intermolecular entanglements and enhancing structural integrity. Comprehensive characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the construction of a robust double-crosslinked network. This architecture substantially reduced water absorption and improved film durability. The optimized PVA-10 % N-CMC film exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, as evidenced by a water contact angle of 97.36°, low water solubility (14.67 %), and minimal water vapor permeability (0.88 g × mm/m2 × h × kPa). Moreover, its outstanding mechanical performance and recyclability under varying humidity conditions underscore its potential as an eco-friendly packaging material. Notably, the film effectively prolonged the freshness of strawberries, maintaining fruit quality for up to 9 days during storage. Collectively, these findings offer a scalable approach for engineering high-performance biodegradable films, paving the way for advanced smart food packaging technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:48:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-120721 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:48:57Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1207212025-10-08T08:37:10Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120721/ Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging Liu, Fengsong Wang, Zihan Cao, Yifang Tan, Tai Boon Fan, Yiting Ren, Jiahao Zou, Youning Chen, Ying Xie, Yijia Xiao, Xinglong Developing sustainable packaging materials with enhanced mechanical strength and moisture resistance remains a pressing challenge. In this study, a self-reinforcing and recyclable film composed of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was fabricated through dynamic covalent crosslinking. The strategy involved the formation of amide bonds (-CONH-) between the -COOH groups of CMC and the -NH2 groups of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), thereby reinforcing intermolecular entanglements and enhancing structural integrity. Comprehensive characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the construction of a robust double-crosslinked network. This architecture substantially reduced water absorption and improved film durability. The optimized PVA-10 % N-CMC film exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, as evidenced by a water contact angle of 97.36°, low water solubility (14.67 %), and minimal water vapor permeability (0.88 g × mm/m2 × h × kPa). Moreover, its outstanding mechanical performance and recyclability under varying humidity conditions underscore its potential as an eco-friendly packaging material. Notably, the film effectively prolonged the freshness of strawberries, maintaining fruit quality for up to 9 days during storage. Collectively, these findings offer a scalable approach for engineering high-performance biodegradable films, paving the way for advanced smart food packaging technologies. Elsevier B.V. 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120721/1/120721.pdf Liu, Fengsong and Wang, Zihan and Cao, Yifang and Tan, Tai Boon and Fan, Yiting and Ren, Jiahao and Zou, Youning and Chen, Ying and Xie, Yijia and Xiao, Xinglong (2025) Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 318. art. no. 145127. pp. 1-14. ISSN 0141-8130; eISSN: 1879-0003 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813025056806?via%3Dihub 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145127 |
| spellingShingle | Liu, Fengsong Wang, Zihan Cao, Yifang Tan, Tai Boon Fan, Yiting Ren, Jiahao Zou, Youning Chen, Ying Xie, Yijia Xiao, Xinglong Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging |
| title | Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging |
| title_full | Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging |
| title_short | Dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: A self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging |
| title_sort | dynamic covalent network-enabled poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose films: a self-reinforcing and recyclable approach for sustainable fruit packaging |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120721/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120721/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120721/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120721/1/120721.pdf |