Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application
Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP) composites are innovative materials used in high-rise transmission towers that undergo failure due to long-term static loading phenomenon. This research focuses on retrofitting PGFRP composite cross-arms with plug-in type sleeve reinforcements by empl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Research
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120284/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120284/1/120284.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848868153019334656 |
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| author | Namasivayam Sukumaar, Vijayvignesh Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan Abdullah, Mohd Na’Im Mohd Zuhri, Mohamed Yusoff Muhammad Rizal, Muhammad Asyraf |
| author_facet | Namasivayam Sukumaar, Vijayvignesh Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan Abdullah, Mohd Na’Im Mohd Zuhri, Mohamed Yusoff Muhammad Rizal, Muhammad Asyraf |
| author_sort | Namasivayam Sukumaar, Vijayvignesh |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP) composites are innovative materials used in high-rise transmission towers that undergo failure due to long-term static loading phenomenon. This research focuses on retrofitting PGFRP composite cross-arms with plug-in type sleeve reinforcements by employing a three-point bending (3 PB) test to analyze the cross-arm’s elastic properties, flexural creep response, and deflection behaviour. The addition of the sleeve retrofit significantly improved the load–deflection behaviour and long-term creep resistance, by 45.30% and 47.10%, respectively. Findley’s power law model was used to accurately predict the viscoelastic response of the structure, revealing that the virgin cross-arm experienced a 75% drop in elastic modulus, while the sleeve-reinforced cross-arm saw only a 34% decrease indicating over 40% improvement in the cross-arm’s ability to resist deformation over extended periods. Additionally, the overall reduction factor improved by 0.51 in contrast to virgin cross-arm. The sleeve-reinforced cross-arm showed reduced deflection, better creep resistance, increased bending strength, and a longer theoretical lifespan. Predictions indicate that the improved cross-arm surpasses the current one in long-term mechanical performance. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:47:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-120284 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:47:51Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Nature Research |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1202842025-09-29T06:59:14Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120284/ Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application Namasivayam Sukumaar, Vijayvignesh Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan Abdullah, Mohd Na’Im Mohd Zuhri, Mohamed Yusoff Muhammad Rizal, Muhammad Asyraf Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP) composites are innovative materials used in high-rise transmission towers that undergo failure due to long-term static loading phenomenon. This research focuses on retrofitting PGFRP composite cross-arms with plug-in type sleeve reinforcements by employing a three-point bending (3 PB) test to analyze the cross-arm’s elastic properties, flexural creep response, and deflection behaviour. The addition of the sleeve retrofit significantly improved the load–deflection behaviour and long-term creep resistance, by 45.30% and 47.10%, respectively. Findley’s power law model was used to accurately predict the viscoelastic response of the structure, revealing that the virgin cross-arm experienced a 75% drop in elastic modulus, while the sleeve-reinforced cross-arm saw only a 34% decrease indicating over 40% improvement in the cross-arm’s ability to resist deformation over extended periods. Additionally, the overall reduction factor improved by 0.51 in contrast to virgin cross-arm. The sleeve-reinforced cross-arm showed reduced deflection, better creep resistance, increased bending strength, and a longer theoretical lifespan. Predictions indicate that the improved cross-arm surpasses the current one in long-term mechanical performance. Nature Research 2025-05-08 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120284/1/120284.pdf Namasivayam Sukumaar, Vijayvignesh and Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan and Abdullah, Mohd Na’Im and Mohd Zuhri, Mohamed Yusoff and Muhammad Rizal, Muhammad Asyraf (2025) Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application. Scientific Reports, 15. art. no. 16023. pp. 1-20. ISSN 2045-2322 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-00732-w?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a04b53d4-c97e-4d80-89f3-d911cab73530 10.1038/s41598-025-00732-w |
| spellingShingle | Namasivayam Sukumaar, Vijayvignesh Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan Abdullah, Mohd Na’Im Mohd Zuhri, Mohamed Yusoff Muhammad Rizal, Muhammad Asyraf Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application |
| title | Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application |
| title_full | Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application |
| title_short | Investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application |
| title_sort | investigation of flexural mechanical and creep properties of sleeve reinforced pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite for crossarm application |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120284/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120284/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120284/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120284/1/120284.pdf |