Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives

Water-based lubricants (WBLs) offer cooling capabilities and are environmentally friendly compared to oil-based lubricants, though they have low viscosity and can result in very thin film thicknesses. This study evaluates the effects of propylene glycol as a dispersant on the dispersion stability of...

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Main Authors: Azizan, Muhammad Ashman Hakimi, Sulaiman, Mohd Hafis, Yaakob, Yazid
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Malaysian Tribology Society 2025
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120225/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120225/1/120225.pdf
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author Azizan, Muhammad Ashman Hakimi
Sulaiman, Mohd Hafis
Yaakob, Yazid
author_facet Azizan, Muhammad Ashman Hakimi
Sulaiman, Mohd Hafis
Yaakob, Yazid
author_sort Azizan, Muhammad Ashman Hakimi
building UPM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Water-based lubricants (WBLs) offer cooling capabilities and are environmentally friendly compared to oil-based lubricants, though they have low viscosity and can result in very thin film thicknesses. This study evaluates the effects of propylene glycol as a dispersant on the dispersion stability of various nanopowder additives, specifically magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), and silicon carbide (SiC). The physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the formulated WBLs were examined. Tribological assessments were performed using block-on-ring setup following ASTM 7798 standards under different rotational speeds and contact loadings. Results shows that addition of propylene glycol improves the viscosity of WBLs with MgO have the highest viscosity of 26.32 mPa·s compared to water alone. MgO/SiC was proven to have the lowest frictional coefficient of 0.1802, as well as lowest wear loss of 0.1118% which makes it the best lubricant in this study. The study found that combination of nanoadditives with propylene glycol is an effective solution to improve the tribological performance of lubricants which potentially led to an environmentally sustainable lubricant.
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spelling upm-1202252025-09-25T08:45:40Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120225/ Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives Azizan, Muhammad Ashman Hakimi Sulaiman, Mohd Hafis Yaakob, Yazid Water-based lubricants (WBLs) offer cooling capabilities and are environmentally friendly compared to oil-based lubricants, though they have low viscosity and can result in very thin film thicknesses. This study evaluates the effects of propylene glycol as a dispersant on the dispersion stability of various nanopowder additives, specifically magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), and silicon carbide (SiC). The physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the formulated WBLs were examined. Tribological assessments were performed using block-on-ring setup following ASTM 7798 standards under different rotational speeds and contact loadings. Results shows that addition of propylene glycol improves the viscosity of WBLs with MgO have the highest viscosity of 26.32 mPa·s compared to water alone. MgO/SiC was proven to have the lowest frictional coefficient of 0.1802, as well as lowest wear loss of 0.1118% which makes it the best lubricant in this study. The study found that combination of nanoadditives with propylene glycol is an effective solution to improve the tribological performance of lubricants which potentially led to an environmentally sustainable lubricant. Malaysian Tribology Society 2025-03 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120225/1/120225.pdf Azizan, Muhammad Ashman Hakimi and Sulaiman, Mohd Hafis and Yaakob, Yazid (2025) Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives. Jurnal Tribologi, 44. pp. 150-166. ISSN 2289-7232 https://jurnaltribologi.mytribos.org/v44/JT-44-150-166.pdf
spellingShingle Azizan, Muhammad Ashman Hakimi
Sulaiman, Mohd Hafis
Yaakob, Yazid
Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives
title Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives
title_full Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives
title_fullStr Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives
title_full_unstemmed Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives
title_short Influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives
title_sort influence of propylene glycol on the tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of water-based lubricants incorporating silicon carbide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide nanoadditives
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120225/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120225/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/120225/1/120225.pdf