Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is byproducts from the palm oil processing mills currently discarded on field with less economic value. Meanwhile, it has a potential as precursor for cellulose feedstock as a membrane main polymer due to its biodegradability, environmental benign, and renewabili...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Nature
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119681/1/119681.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848868036693458944 |
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| author | Sjahro, Noerhidajat Yunus, Robiah Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Nainggolan, Marihot Abdul Rashid, Suraya Asis, Ahmad Jaril Syafiie, S. Habib, Saiful Hafiz Harun, Nurhanina |
| author_facet | Sjahro, Noerhidajat Yunus, Robiah Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Nainggolan, Marihot Abdul Rashid, Suraya Asis, Ahmad Jaril Syafiie, S. Habib, Saiful Hafiz Harun, Nurhanina |
| author_sort | Sjahro, Noerhidajat |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is byproducts from the palm oil processing mills currently discarded on field with less economic value. Meanwhile, it has a potential as precursor for cellulose feedstock as a membrane main polymer due to its biodegradability, environmental benign, and renewability. However, due to its insolubility in most available solvents, its utilization as a primary polymer matrix is limited. In this study, we transformed native and functionalized cellulose derived from OPEFB into membrane via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and dichloroethane (DCE) as the solvent. The fabrication parameters included duration of air exposure ranging for 2,3, and 4 min prior to water immersion for 24 h; and membrane composition, consisting of cellulose as main polymer, TiO2 and PEG as additives. Based on TGA analysis, it suggests that membrane of pure cellulose has the highest decomposition temperature, while FTIR spectra of the synthesized membranes indicate complete dilution of TFA & DCE during water immersion. The membranes were characterized to have water affinity indicating hydrophilic properties with water contact angle ranging from 16.12° to 26.4°. The membrane maximum water flux rate accounted for 172.6 L/m2 h bar, while ion removal for Pb2+ Cu2+ and Cr3+, dye ranged from 87.3 to 98.9%, 83.98 to 99.28%, 93.6 to 99.9%, 94.3 to 99%, respectively. Meanwhile, oil rejection ranged from 98.03 to 99.36%. Thus, it can be concluded that OPEFB derived cellulose as main polymer matrices for membrane have a great potential for wastewater treatment and water purification area. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:46:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-119681 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:46:00Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Springer Nature |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1196812025-09-08T02:18:26Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119681/ Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants Sjahro, Noerhidajat Yunus, Robiah Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Nainggolan, Marihot Abdul Rashid, Suraya Asis, Ahmad Jaril Syafiie, S. Habib, Saiful Hafiz Harun, Nurhanina Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is byproducts from the palm oil processing mills currently discarded on field with less economic value. Meanwhile, it has a potential as precursor for cellulose feedstock as a membrane main polymer due to its biodegradability, environmental benign, and renewability. However, due to its insolubility in most available solvents, its utilization as a primary polymer matrix is limited. In this study, we transformed native and functionalized cellulose derived from OPEFB into membrane via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and dichloroethane (DCE) as the solvent. The fabrication parameters included duration of air exposure ranging for 2,3, and 4 min prior to water immersion for 24 h; and membrane composition, consisting of cellulose as main polymer, TiO2 and PEG as additives. Based on TGA analysis, it suggests that membrane of pure cellulose has the highest decomposition temperature, while FTIR spectra of the synthesized membranes indicate complete dilution of TFA & DCE during water immersion. The membranes were characterized to have water affinity indicating hydrophilic properties with water contact angle ranging from 16.12° to 26.4°. The membrane maximum water flux rate accounted for 172.6 L/m2 h bar, while ion removal for Pb2+ Cu2+ and Cr3+, dye ranged from 87.3 to 98.9%, 83.98 to 99.28%, 93.6 to 99.9%, 94.3 to 99%, respectively. Meanwhile, oil rejection ranged from 98.03 to 99.36%. Thus, it can be concluded that OPEFB derived cellulose as main polymer matrices for membrane have a great potential for wastewater treatment and water purification area. Springer Nature 2025-04-23 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119681/1/119681.pdf Sjahro, Noerhidajat and Yunus, Robiah and Abdullah, Luqman Chuah and Nainggolan, Marihot and Abdul Rashid, Suraya and Asis, Ahmad Jaril and Syafiie, S. and Habib, Saiful Hafiz and Harun, Nurhanina (2025) Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants. Discover Sustainability, 6 (1). art. no. 319. pp. 1-24. ISSN 2662-9984 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-025-01184-y?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d6229f35-79a2-43ee-9d3f-f278aeaa9d3a 10.1007/s43621-025-01184-y |
| spellingShingle | Sjahro, Noerhidajat Yunus, Robiah Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Nainggolan, Marihot Abdul Rashid, Suraya Asis, Ahmad Jaril Syafiie, S. Habib, Saiful Hafiz Harun, Nurhanina Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants |
| title | Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants |
| title_full | Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants |
| title_fullStr | Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants |
| title_short | Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS) for removal of aqueous contaminants |
| title_sort | valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (opefb) as membrane polymer via non-solvent induced phase separation method (nips) for removal of aqueous contaminants |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119681/1/119681.pdf |