A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches
Mycotoxins, harmful compounds produced by fungal pathogens, pose a severe threat to food safety and consumer health. Some commonly produced mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and patulin have serious health implications in humans and animals. Mycoto...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119336/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119336/1/119336.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867938384216064 |
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| author | Khan, Rahim Anwar, Farooq Mohamad Ghazali, Farinazleen |
| author_facet | Khan, Rahim Anwar, Farooq Mohamad Ghazali, Farinazleen |
| author_sort | Khan, Rahim |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Mycotoxins, harmful compounds produced by fungal pathogens, pose a severe threat to food safety and consumer health. Some commonly produced mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and patulin have serious health implications in humans and animals. Mycotoxin contamination is particularly concerning in regions heavily reliant on staple foods like grains, cereals, and nuts. Preventing mycotoxin contamination is crucial for a sustainable food supply. Chromatographic methods like thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (LC/MS), are commonly used to detect mycotoxins; however, there is a need for on-site, rapid, and cost-effective detection methods. Currently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), lateral flow assays (LFAs), and biosensors are becoming popular analytical tools for rapid detection. Meanwhile, preventing mycotoxin contamination is crucial for food safety and a sustainable food supply. Physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been used to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production. However, new strains resistant to conventional methods have led to the exploration of novel strategies like cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology, polyphenols and flavonoids, magnetic materials and nanoparticles, and natural essential oils (NEOs). This paper reviews recent scientific research on mycotoxin toxicity, explores advancements in detecting mycotoxins in various foods, and evaluates the effectiveness of innovative mitigation strategies for controlling and detoxifying mycotoxins. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:44:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-119336 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:44:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1193362025-08-14T23:44:08Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119336/ A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches Khan, Rahim Anwar, Farooq Mohamad Ghazali, Farinazleen Mycotoxins, harmful compounds produced by fungal pathogens, pose a severe threat to food safety and consumer health. Some commonly produced mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and patulin have serious health implications in humans and animals. Mycotoxin contamination is particularly concerning in regions heavily reliant on staple foods like grains, cereals, and nuts. Preventing mycotoxin contamination is crucial for a sustainable food supply. Chromatographic methods like thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (LC/MS), are commonly used to detect mycotoxins; however, there is a need for on-site, rapid, and cost-effective detection methods. Currently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), lateral flow assays (LFAs), and biosensors are becoming popular analytical tools for rapid detection. Meanwhile, preventing mycotoxin contamination is crucial for food safety and a sustainable food supply. Physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been used to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production. However, new strains resistant to conventional methods have led to the exploration of novel strategies like cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology, polyphenols and flavonoids, magnetic materials and nanoparticles, and natural essential oils (NEOs). This paper reviews recent scientific research on mycotoxin toxicity, explores advancements in detecting mycotoxins in various foods, and evaluates the effectiveness of innovative mitigation strategies for controlling and detoxifying mycotoxins. Elsevier 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119336/1/119336.pdf Khan, Rahim and Anwar, Farooq and Mohamad Ghazali, Farinazleen (2024) A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches. Heliyon, 10 (8). art. no. e28361. pp. 1-19. ISSN 2405-8440 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405844024043925 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28361 |
| spellingShingle | Khan, Rahim Anwar, Farooq Mohamad Ghazali, Farinazleen A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_full | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_fullStr | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_short | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_sort | comprehensive review of mycotoxins: toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119336/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119336/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119336/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119336/1/119336.pdf |