Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction
Bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported magnetite catalyst has been synthesized using varies techniques such as hydrothermal reactor (R), wet-impregnation (W) and co-precipitation (C) approaches in order to study the effect of preparation methods on the catalytic efficiency of NiCo/Fe3O4 catalyst in tran...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119322/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119322/1/119322.pdf |
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| author | Adzahar, Nur Athirah Alsultan, G. Abdulkareem Mijan, N. Asikin Mastuli, M.S. Lee, H.V. Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin |
| author_facet | Adzahar, Nur Athirah Alsultan, G. Abdulkareem Mijan, N. Asikin Mastuli, M.S. Lee, H.V. Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin |
| author_sort | Adzahar, Nur Athirah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported magnetite catalyst has been synthesized using varies techniques such as hydrothermal reactor (R), wet-impregnation (W) and co-precipitation (C) approaches in order to study the effect of preparation methods on the catalytic efficiency of NiCo/Fe3O4 catalyst in transforming the PKO into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation (DO) reaction. Noted, co-precipitation method rendered greater changes on textural morphological changes, with NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) specific surface area were 157 m2/g followed by Fe3O4 (25 m2/g), NiCo/Fe3O4 (W) (7 m2/g) and NiCo/Fe3O4 (R) (2 m2/g), respectively. Indeed, NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) showed highest weak + strong acidic sites (15,038.1 μmol/g). The efficiency of the DO followed NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) > NiCo/Fe3O4 (W) > NiCo/Fe3O4 (R) > Fe3O4, whereby the highest hydrocarbon yield was 90 % and 21 % is the lowest. Noteworthy to mention, all of the liquid product exhibited selectivity of over 90 % towards the kerosene range. The deoxygenation reaction was optimized using the most effective catalyst, NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) catalyst, through the OVAT technique. The results showed that the optimal conditions were achieved at a temperature of 350 °C within 3 h by using 5 wt% of catalyst loading. The reusability and stability of the NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) catalyst were examined, revealing that the catalyst may be reused for up to 8 runs. During these runs, the catalyst achieved a hydrocarbon yield of up to 55 % and a BJF selectivity of over 95 %. The decrease in the yield and selectivity was attributed to coking, specifically in the form of graphitic carbon. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:44:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-119322 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:44:24Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1193222025-08-14T03:32:17Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119322/ Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction Adzahar, Nur Athirah Alsultan, G. Abdulkareem Mijan, N. Asikin Mastuli, M.S. Lee, H.V. Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported magnetite catalyst has been synthesized using varies techniques such as hydrothermal reactor (R), wet-impregnation (W) and co-precipitation (C) approaches in order to study the effect of preparation methods on the catalytic efficiency of NiCo/Fe3O4 catalyst in transforming the PKO into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation (DO) reaction. Noted, co-precipitation method rendered greater changes on textural morphological changes, with NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) specific surface area were 157 m2/g followed by Fe3O4 (25 m2/g), NiCo/Fe3O4 (W) (7 m2/g) and NiCo/Fe3O4 (R) (2 m2/g), respectively. Indeed, NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) showed highest weak + strong acidic sites (15,038.1 μmol/g). The efficiency of the DO followed NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) > NiCo/Fe3O4 (W) > NiCo/Fe3O4 (R) > Fe3O4, whereby the highest hydrocarbon yield was 90 % and 21 % is the lowest. Noteworthy to mention, all of the liquid product exhibited selectivity of over 90 % towards the kerosene range. The deoxygenation reaction was optimized using the most effective catalyst, NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) catalyst, through the OVAT technique. The results showed that the optimal conditions were achieved at a temperature of 350 °C within 3 h by using 5 wt% of catalyst loading. The reusability and stability of the NiCo/Fe3O4 (C) catalyst were examined, revealing that the catalyst may be reused for up to 8 runs. During these runs, the catalyst achieved a hydrocarbon yield of up to 55 % and a BJF selectivity of over 95 %. The decrease in the yield and selectivity was attributed to coking, specifically in the form of graphitic carbon. Elsevier Ltd 2025-01-01 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119322/1/119322.pdf Adzahar, Nur Athirah and Alsultan, G. Abdulkareem and Mijan, N. Asikin and Mastuli, M.S. and Lee, H.V. and Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin (2025) Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction. Energy, 314 (undefined). art. no. 133957. pp. 1-19. ISSN 0360-5442; eISSN: 1873-6785 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544224037356 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133957 |
| spellingShingle | Adzahar, Nur Athirah Alsultan, G. Abdulkareem Mijan, N. Asikin Mastuli, M.S. Lee, H.V. Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction |
| title | Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction |
| title_full | Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction |
| title_fullStr | Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction |
| title_short | Effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction |
| title_sort | effect of catalyst synthesis of bimetallic nickel-cobalt supported iron-based catalysts on converting palm kernel oil into bio-jet fuel via deoxygenation reaction |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119322/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119322/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119322/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119322/1/119322.pdf |