Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats
Background: Oxidative stress and peripheral insulin resistance are the key pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea increases insulin secretion and improves tissue regeneration by reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats. However, it remains uncert...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118883/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118883/1/118883.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867813033246720 |
|---|---|
| author | Samsulrizal, Nurdiana Mohamad Zin, Noor Syaffinaz Noor Syimal`ain Azmi, Nur Bakar, Mohd Daud Ahmad, Hafandi Goh, Yong Meng |
| author_facet | Samsulrizal, Nurdiana Mohamad Zin, Noor Syaffinaz Noor Syimal`ain Azmi, Nur Bakar, Mohd Daud Ahmad, Hafandi Goh, Yong Meng |
| author_sort | Samsulrizal, Nurdiana |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Oxidative stress and peripheral insulin resistance are the key pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea increases insulin secretion and improves tissue regeneration by reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats. However, it remains uncertain whether F. deltoidea could delay the progression of nephropathy. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study aimed to examine the nephroprotective effects of F. deltoidea on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the flavonoid compounds in the leaf extract of F. deltoidea. The methanolic extract of F. deltoidea was administered orally at 1000 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks to diabetic rats. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, and urinary creatinine were measured to estimate kidney function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assessed the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidants, and apoptosis-related proteins in the kidney tissue. The spectral markers related to nephroprotective activity were predicted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. Histomorphometric evaluations were performed on the kidney sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results: HPLC identified the presence of vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin, and kaempferol in F. deltoidea methanolic leaves extract. The biochemical and histological examinations consistently showed that F. deltoidea extract improved kidney structure and function by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. We noticed that biochemical and pathological changes corresponded to the infrared (IR) peaks at 1545 cm-1 and 1511 cm-1 (amide II), 1246 cm-1 (DNA/RNA phosphate backbones), and 1181 cm-1 (C–O vibrations). Multivariate analysis of IR spectra demonstrated that the diabetic rats treated with F. deltoidea extract had a similar clustering pattern to that of the normal animals. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the methanolic extract of F. deltoidea exhibits nephroprotective activity. FTIR spectroscopy may be useful for monitoring structural and biochemical alterations in the kidney during diabetes treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:42:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-118883 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:42:27Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1188832025-07-29T01:55:01Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118883/ Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats Samsulrizal, Nurdiana Mohamad Zin, Noor Syaffinaz Noor Syimal`ain Azmi, Nur Bakar, Mohd Daud Ahmad, Hafandi Goh, Yong Meng Background: Oxidative stress and peripheral insulin resistance are the key pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea increases insulin secretion and improves tissue regeneration by reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats. However, it remains uncertain whether F. deltoidea could delay the progression of nephropathy. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study aimed to examine the nephroprotective effects of F. deltoidea on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the flavonoid compounds in the leaf extract of F. deltoidea. The methanolic extract of F. deltoidea was administered orally at 1000 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks to diabetic rats. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, and urinary creatinine were measured to estimate kidney function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assessed the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidants, and apoptosis-related proteins in the kidney tissue. The spectral markers related to nephroprotective activity were predicted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. Histomorphometric evaluations were performed on the kidney sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results: HPLC identified the presence of vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin, and kaempferol in F. deltoidea methanolic leaves extract. The biochemical and histological examinations consistently showed that F. deltoidea extract improved kidney structure and function by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. We noticed that biochemical and pathological changes corresponded to the infrared (IR) peaks at 1545 cm-1 and 1511 cm-1 (amide II), 1246 cm-1 (DNA/RNA phosphate backbones), and 1181 cm-1 (C–O vibrations). Multivariate analysis of IR spectra demonstrated that the diabetic rats treated with F. deltoidea extract had a similar clustering pattern to that of the normal animals. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the methanolic extract of F. deltoidea exhibits nephroprotective activity. FTIR spectroscopy may be useful for monitoring structural and biochemical alterations in the kidney during diabetes treatment. Elsevier 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118883/1/118883.pdf Samsulrizal, Nurdiana and Mohamad Zin, Noor Syaffinaz Noor and Syimal`ain Azmi, Nur and Bakar, Mohd Daud and Ahmad, Hafandi and Goh, Yong Meng (2025) Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Phytomedicine Plus, 5 (1). art. no. 100684. pp. 1-12. ISSN 2667-0313; eISSN: 2667-0313 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2667031324001581 10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100684 |
| spellingShingle | Samsulrizal, Nurdiana Mohamad Zin, Noor Syaffinaz Noor Syimal`ain Azmi, Nur Bakar, Mohd Daud Ahmad, Hafandi Goh, Yong Meng Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_full | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_fullStr | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_short | Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| title_sort | ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118883/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118883/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118883/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118883/1/118883.pdf |