The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard
Citric acid and starch have attracted considerable interest as potential modifiers for ureaformaldehyde (UF) adhesives, owing to their capability to improve performance and promote environmental sustainability. This study examines the impact of varying urea-formaldehyde (UF) content added to a citri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118817/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118817/1/118817.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867796328382464 |
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| author | Abdullah, Ummi Hani Salim, Sabiha Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Hamid, Norul Hisham Zhou, Hua Xu Lee, Seng Hua |
| author_facet | Abdullah, Ummi Hani Salim, Sabiha Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Hamid, Norul Hisham Zhou, Hua Xu Lee, Seng Hua |
| author_sort | Abdullah, Ummi Hani |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Citric acid and starch have attracted considerable interest as potential modifiers for ureaformaldehyde (UF) adhesives, owing to their capability to improve performance and promote environmental sustainability. This study examines the impact of varying urea-formaldehyde (UF) content added to a citric acid-tapioca starch adhesive system on the performance of rubberwood particleboard. The total resin content was set at 10%, with the adhesive composed of a mixture of citric acid (CA) and tapioca starch in a 75/25 ratio. UF was added to the adhesive in three different formulations: 2%, 5%, and 10% of the total resin content. The resulting particleboards were then tested for thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), internal bond strength (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). The findings indicate that increasing UF content improves the mechanical properties, such as the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). However, higher UF content also negatively impacts the physical properties, resulting in greater thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA), which may compromise the overall dimensional stability and internal bond (IB) strength. The study concludes that UF content of around 5% offers an optimum property, achieving strong mechanical performance (IB = 0.207 N/mm², MOR = 8.35 MPa, and MOE = 1645.15 MPa) while managing physical properties within acceptable ranges (TS = 17.5120.15%, WA = 87.8793.43%, Density = 565.36 kg/m³). |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:42:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-118817 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:42:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1188172025-08-05T04:49:37Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118817/ The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard Abdullah, Ummi Hani Salim, Sabiha Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Hamid, Norul Hisham Zhou, Hua Xu Lee, Seng Hua Citric acid and starch have attracted considerable interest as potential modifiers for ureaformaldehyde (UF) adhesives, owing to their capability to improve performance and promote environmental sustainability. This study examines the impact of varying urea-formaldehyde (UF) content added to a citric acid-tapioca starch adhesive system on the performance of rubberwood particleboard. The total resin content was set at 10%, with the adhesive composed of a mixture of citric acid (CA) and tapioca starch in a 75/25 ratio. UF was added to the adhesive in three different formulations: 2%, 5%, and 10% of the total resin content. The resulting particleboards were then tested for thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), internal bond strength (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). The findings indicate that increasing UF content improves the mechanical properties, such as the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). However, higher UF content also negatively impacts the physical properties, resulting in greater thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA), which may compromise the overall dimensional stability and internal bond (IB) strength. The study concludes that UF content of around 5% offers an optimum property, achieving strong mechanical performance (IB = 0.207 N/mm², MOR = 8.35 MPa, and MOE = 1645.15 MPa) while managing physical properties within acceptable ranges (TS = 17.5120.15%, WA = 87.8793.43%, Density = 565.36 kg/m³). Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118817/1/118817.pdf Abdullah, Ummi Hani and Salim, Sabiha and Abdullah, Luqman Chuah and Hamid, Norul Hisham and Zhou, Hua Xu and Lee, Seng Hua (2024) The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard. Malaysian Forester. pp. 1-10. ISSN 0302-2935 http://www.prims.upm.edu.my/pub/dokumen/pub_journal/20241230114701PAPER_ANNA.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Abdullah, Ummi Hani Salim, Sabiha Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Hamid, Norul Hisham Zhou, Hua Xu Lee, Seng Hua The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard |
| title | The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard |
| title_full | The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard |
| title_fullStr | The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard |
| title_short | The effect of UF addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard |
| title_sort | effect of uf addition on the properties of citric acid-starch bonded particleboard |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118817/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118817/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118817/1/118817.pdf |