Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation
Algebraic thinking is a vital skill in mathematics education, enabling students to generalize patterns, decompose expressions, and apply mathematical models in real-world contexts. However, students often struggle to connect abstract algebraic concepts to practical, real-world problems, which limits...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Faculty of education and psychology, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118625/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118625/1/118625.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867557541412864 |
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| author | Said Husain, Sharifah Kartini Giyanti Giyanti, . Artasari, Adika Oktaviyanth, Rina |
| author_facet | Said Husain, Sharifah Kartini Giyanti Giyanti, . Artasari, Adika Oktaviyanth, Rina |
| author_sort | Said Husain, Sharifah Kartini |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Algebraic thinking is a vital skill in mathematics education, enabling students to generalize patterns, decompose expressions, and apply mathematical models in real-world contexts. However, students often struggle to connect abstract algebraic concepts to practical, real-world problems, which limits their ability to apply these skills effectively. This study aims to uncover the latent structures underlying students' algebraic thinking skills through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Data were collected from 60 junior high school students in Serang, Banten, who completed worksheets assessing five indicators of algebraic thinking: X1 (Generalization – Decomposing an expression), X2 (Generalization – Using area model), X3 (Transformational – Representing multiplication problem), X4 (Transformational – Strategies for multi-digit numbers), and X5 (Meta-global level – Using area model in real-world contexts), alongside algebraic thinking ability scores (Y). Using varimax rotation, the analysis identified two significant factors. The first, "Generalization and Area Model Application Capability," explained 31.118% of the variance, with high loadings for X2 (0.701) and X3 (0.724). The second, "Transformational Strategies in Multi-digit Numbers," accounted for 20.543% of the variance, with strong loadings for X1 (0.923) and X4 (0.631). Together, these factors explained 51.661% of the total variance. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing generalization skills through area models, including their application to real-world problems and strengthening transformational strategies for multi-digit operations. Incorporating interactive tools like PhET simulations may further support these cognitive processes. Future research should explore classroom implementation and its impact on students' long-term outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:38:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-118625 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:38:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Faculty of education and psychology, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1186252025-07-21T00:03:32Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118625/ Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation Said Husain, Sharifah Kartini Giyanti Giyanti, . Artasari, Adika Oktaviyanth, Rina Algebraic thinking is a vital skill in mathematics education, enabling students to generalize patterns, decompose expressions, and apply mathematical models in real-world contexts. However, students often struggle to connect abstract algebraic concepts to practical, real-world problems, which limits their ability to apply these skills effectively. This study aims to uncover the latent structures underlying students' algebraic thinking skills through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Data were collected from 60 junior high school students in Serang, Banten, who completed worksheets assessing five indicators of algebraic thinking: X1 (Generalization – Decomposing an expression), X2 (Generalization – Using area model), X3 (Transformational – Representing multiplication problem), X4 (Transformational – Strategies for multi-digit numbers), and X5 (Meta-global level – Using area model in real-world contexts), alongside algebraic thinking ability scores (Y). Using varimax rotation, the analysis identified two significant factors. The first, "Generalization and Area Model Application Capability," explained 31.118% of the variance, with high loadings for X2 (0.701) and X3 (0.724). The second, "Transformational Strategies in Multi-digit Numbers," accounted for 20.543% of the variance, with strong loadings for X1 (0.923) and X4 (0.631). Together, these factors explained 51.661% of the total variance. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing generalization skills through area models, including their application to real-world problems and strengthening transformational strategies for multi-digit operations. Incorporating interactive tools like PhET simulations may further support these cognitive processes. Future research should explore classroom implementation and its impact on students' long-term outcomes. Faculty of education and psychology, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_sa_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118625/1/118625.pdf Said Husain, Sharifah Kartini and Giyanti Giyanti, . and Artasari, Adika and Oktaviyanth, Rina (2024) Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 11 (4). pp. 409-423. ISSN 2407-0963; eISSN: 2460-7177 https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jitp/article/view/79362 10.21831/jitp.v11i4.79362 |
| spellingShingle | Said Husain, Sharifah Kartini Giyanti Giyanti, . Artasari, Adika Oktaviyanth, Rina Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation |
| title | Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation |
| title_full | Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation |
| title_fullStr | Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation |
| title_short | Factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on PhET interactive simulation |
| title_sort | factor analysis of algebraic thinking skills: a case study on developing area model algebra worksheet based on phet interactive simulation |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118625/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118625/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118625/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118625/1/118625.pdf |